--- title: 1 Samuel 30:8 — And David inquired of the LORD, saying: 'Shall I pursue after this t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And David inquired of the LORD, saying: 'Shall I pursue after this troop? shall I overtake them?' And He answered him: 'Pursue; for thou shalt surely overtake them, and shalt without fail recover all.' Who acts: David, I, Abiathar, thou. 1 Samuel 30:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonat --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/30/) / 30:8 # 1 Samuel 30:8 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, I, Abiathar, thou · **What happens:** inquire, say, pursue, overtake, answer, recover · **To what, where:** David, Ahimelech, all · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 30:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, I, Abiathar, thou — and what happens in the verse to David, Ahimelech, all, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשְׁאַ֨ל דָּוִ֤ד בַּֽיהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אֶרְדֹּ֛ף אַחֲרֵ֥י הַגְּדוּד־הַזֶּ֖ה הַֽאַשִּׂגֶ֑נּוּ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ רְדֹ֔ף כִּֽי־הַשֵּׂ֥ג תַּשִּׂ֖יג וְהַצֵּ֥ל תַּצִּֽיל׃ [And David inquired of the LORD, saying: 'Shall I pursue after this troop? shall I overtake them?' And He answered him: 'Pursue; for thou shalt surely overtake them, and shalt without fail recover all.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.857/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:774 # text = וַיִּשְׁאַ֨ל דָּוִ֤ד בַּֽיהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אֶרְדֹּ֛ף אַחֲרֵ֥י הַגְּדוּד־הַזֶּ֖ה הַֽאַשִּׂגֶ֑נּוּ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ רְדֹ֔ף כִּֽי־הַשֵּׂ֥ג תַּשִּׂ֖יג וְהַצֵּ֥ל תַּצִּֽיל׃ # verse = 1SA.30.8 1-2 וַיִּשְׁאַ֨ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:8!1|MId=o090300080011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁאַ֨ל שָׁאַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.enquired|Ref=1SA_30:8!1|MId=o090300080012|Strong=7592|Frame=A0:090300080021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִ֤ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_30:8!2|MId=o090300080021|Strong=1732 4-5 בַּֽיהוָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בַּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=1SA_30:8!3|MId=o090300080031|Strong=0871a 5 יהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_30:8!3|MId=o090300080032|Strong=3068 6-7 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 8 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=1SA_30:8!4|MId=o090300080041|Strong=3807a 7 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 6 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_30:8!4|MId=o090300080042|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090300080021;|Type=infinitive_construct 8 אֶרְדֹּ֛ף רָדַף VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 ccomp _ Gloss=will.I.pursue?|Ref=1SA_30:8!5|MId=o090300080051|Strong=7291|Frame=A0:090300080021;|Type=yiqtol 9 אַחֲרֵ֥י אַחַר ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=1SA_30:8!6|MId=o090300080061|Strong=0310 10-11 הַגְּדוּד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the.marauding|Ref=1SA_30:8!7|MId=o090300080071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 גְּדוּד־ גְּדוּד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=band|Ref=1SA_30:8!7|MId=o090300080072|Strong=1416 12-13 הַזֶּ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_30:8!8|MId=o090300080081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 זֶּ֖ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 11 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_30:8!8|MId=o090300080082|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 14-16 הַֽאַשִּׂגֶ֑נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַֽ הֲ PART _ _ 15 advmod _ Gloss=will|Ref=1SA_30:8!9|MId=o090300080091|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 15 אַשִּׂג נָשַׂג VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 8 parataxis _ Gloss=I|Ref=1SA_30:8!9|MId=o090300080092|Strong=5381|Frame=AA:090300080021;A0:090300080093;|Type=yiqtol 16 ֶ֑נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obj _ Gloss=overtake.it?|Ref=1SA_30:8!9|MId=o090300080093|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 17-18 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:8!10|MId=o090300080101|Strong=2050b 18 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_30:8!10|MId=o090300080102|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090300080032;|Type=wayyiqtol 19-20 לוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 ל לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_30:8!11|MId=o090300080111|Strong=3807a 20 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_30:8!11|MId=o090300080112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 21 רְדֹ֔ף רָדַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 18 ccomp _ Gloss=pursue|Ref=1SA_30:8!12|MId=o090300080121|Strong=7291|Frame=A0:090300080021;|Type=imperative 22 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_30:8!13|MId=o090300080131|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 23 הַשֵּׂ֥ג נָשַׂג VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 24 obl:npmod _ Gloss=certainly.(overtake)|Ref=1SA_30:8!14|MId=o090300080141|Strong=5381|Type=infinitive_absolute 24 תַּשִּׂ֖יג נָשַׂג VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 21 advcl _ Gloss=you.will.overtake.[it]|Ref=1SA_30:8!15|MId=o090300080151|Strong=5381|Frame=AA:090300080021;A0:090300080072;|Type=yiqtol 25-26 וְהַצֵּ֥ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:8!16|MId=o090300080161|Strong=2050b 26 הַצֵּ֥ל נָצַל VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 27 obl:npmod _ Gloss=certainly.(rescue)|Ref=1SA_30:8!16|MId=o090300080162|Strong=5337|Type=infinitive_absolute 27 תַּצִּֽיל נָצַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 21 conj _ Gloss=you.will.rescue.[them]|Ref=1SA_30:8!17|MId=o090300080171|Strong=5337|Frame=A0:090300080021;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=1SA_30:8!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁאַל *he enquired* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | אֶרְדֹּף *will I pursue?* | yiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | אַשִּׂג *I* | yiqtol · hiphil | ֶנּוּ *overtake it?* | | | דָּוִד *David* | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | רְדֹף *pursue* | imperative · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | תַּשִּׂיג *you will overtake \[it\]* | yiqtol · hiphil | גְּדוּד־ *band* | | | דָּוִד *David* | | תַּצִּֽיל *you will rescue \[them\]* | yiqtol · hiphil | דָּוִד *David* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁאֵיל דָוִד בְּמֵימְרָא דַייָ לְמֵימָר אֶרְדוֹף בָּתַר מַשְׁרִיתָא הָדָא הֲאַדְבְּקִינֵיהּ וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ רְדוֹף אֲרֵי אַדְבֵּיק תַּדְבֵיק וְשֵׁיזָבָא תְּשֵׁיזֵיב: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And David inquired of the LORD, saying: 'Shall I pursue after this troop? shall I overtake them?' And He answered him: 'Pursue; for thou shalt surely overtake them, and shalt without fail recover all.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.857/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:774`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 30:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.7/) - next →: [1 Samuel 30:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.9/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/30/)