--- title: 1 Samuel 31:7 — And when the men of Israel that were on the other side of the valley… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And when the men of Israel that were on the other side of the valley, and they that were beyond the Jordan, saw that the men of Israel fled, and that Saul and his sons were dead, they forsook the cities, and fled; and the Philistines came and dwelt in them. Who acts: men, Saul, Philistines. 1 Samuel --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.31.7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/31/) / 31:7 # 1 Samuel 31:7 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** men, Saul, Philistines · **What happens:** be, see, flee, forsake, come, dwell · **To what, where:** other side, cities · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 31:7 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, Saul, Philistines — and what happens in the verse to other side, cities, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּרְא֣וּ אַנְשֵֽׁי־יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר־בְּעֵ֨בֶר הָעֵ֜מֶק וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן כִּֽי־נָ֙סוּ֙ אַנְשֵׁ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְכִי־מֵ֖תוּ שָׁא֣וּל וּבָנָ֑יו וַיַּעַזְב֤וּ אֶת־הֶֽעָרִים֙ וַיָּנֻ֔סוּ וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיֵּֽשְׁב֖וּ בָּהֶֽן׃ס [And when the men of Israel that were on the other side of the valley, and they that were beyond the Jordan, saw that the men of Israel fled, and that Saul and his sons were dead, they forsook the cities, and fled; and the Philistines came and dwelt in them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.888/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:804 # text = וַיִּרְא֣וּ אַנְשֵֽׁי־יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר־בְּעֵ֨בֶר הָעֵ֜מֶק וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן כִּֽי־נָ֙סוּ֙ אַנְשֵׁ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְכִי־מֵ֖תוּ שָׁא֣וּל וּבָנָ֑יו וַיַּעַזְב֤וּ אֶת־הֶֽעָרִים֙ וַיָּנֻ֔סוּ וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיֵּֽשְׁב֖וּ בָּהֶֽן׃ס # verse = 1SA.31.7 1-2 וַיִּרְא֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_31:7!1|MId=o090310070011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּרְא֣וּ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.saw|Ref=1SA_31:7!1|MId=o090310070012|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:090310070021;A1:090310070111;090310070151;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אַנְשֵֽׁי־ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.men|Ref=1SA_31:7!2|MId=o090310070021|Strong=0376|SpaceAfter=No 4 יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=1SA_31:7!3|MId=o090310070031|Strong=3478 5 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=1SA_31:7!4|MId=o090310070041|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 בְּעֵ֨בֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=[were].on|Ref=1SA_31:7!5|MId=o090310070051|Strong=0871a 7 עֵ֨בֶר עֵבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.other.side|Ref=1SA_31:7!5|MId=o090310070052|Strong=5676 8-9 הָעֵ֜מֶק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_31:7!6|MId=o090310070061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 עֵ֜מֶק עֵמֶק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.valley|Ref=1SA_31:7!6|MId=o090310070062|Strong=6010 10-11 וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_31:7!7|MId=o090310070071|Strong=2050b 11 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 14 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=1SA_31:7!7|MId=o090310070072|Strong=0834|Type=relative 12 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 11 punct _ Ref=1SA_31:7!7 13-14 בְּעֵ֣בֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=[were].on|Ref=1SA_31:7!8|MId=o090310070081|Strong=0871a 14 עֵ֣בֶר עֵבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 conj _ Gloss=the.other.side|Ref=1SA_31:7!8|MId=o090310070082|Strong=5676 15-16 הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_31:7!9|MId=o090310070091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 יַּרְדֵּ֗ן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Jordan|Ref=1SA_31:7!9|MId=o090310070092|Strong=3383 17 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1SA_31:7!10|MId=o090310070101|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 18 נָ֙סוּ֙ נוּס VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=they.had.fled|Ref=1SA_31:7!11|MId=o090310070111|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:090310070121;|Type=qatal 19 אַנְשֵׁ֣י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ Gloss=the.men|Ref=1SA_31:7!12|MId=o090310070121|Strong=0376 20 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=1SA_31:7!13|MId=o090310070131|Strong=3478 21-22 וְכִי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and.(dm)|Ref=1SA_31:7!14|MId=o090310070141|Strong=2050b 22 כִי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=1SA_31:7!14|MId=o090310070142|Strong=3588 23 מֵ֖תוּ מוּת VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 18 conj _ Gloss=they.had.died|Ref=1SA_31:7!15|MId=o090310070151|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:090310070161;090310070172;|Type=qatal 24 שָׁא֣וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 23 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_31:7!16|MId=o090310070161|Strong=7586 25-27 וּבָנָ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_31:7!17|MId=o090310070171|Strong=2050b 26 בָנָ֑י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 conj _ Gloss=sons|Ref=1SA_31:7!17|MId=o090310070172|Strong=1121 27 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_31:7!17|MId=o090310070173|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28-29 וַיַּעַזְב֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_31:7!18|MId=o090310070181|Strong=2050b 29 יַּעַזְב֤וּ עָזַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.abandoned|Ref=1SA_31:7!18|MId=o090310070182|Strong=5800|Frame=A0:090310070021;A1:090310070202;|Type=wayyiqtol 30 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_31:7!19|MId=o090310070191|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 31-32 הֶֽעָרִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הֶֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_31:7!20|MId=o090310070201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 עָרִים֙ עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 29 obj _ Gloss=cities|Ref=1SA_31:7!20|MId=o090310070202|Strong=5892 33-34 וַיָּנֻ֔סוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_31:7!21|MId=o090310070211|Strong=2050b 34 יָּנֻ֔סוּ נוּס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.fled|Ref=1SA_31:7!21|MId=o090310070212|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:090310070021;|Type=wayyiqtol 35-36 וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_31:7!22|MId=o090310070221|Strong=2050b 36 יָּבֹ֣אוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.came|Ref=1SA_31:7!22|MId=o090310070222|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090310070231;|Type=wayyiqtol 37 פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 36 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].Philistines|Ref=1SA_31:7!23|MId=o090310070231|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 38-39 וַיֵּֽשְׁב֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_31:7!24|MId=o090310070241|Strong=2050b 39 יֵּֽשְׁב֖וּ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.dwelt|Ref=1SA_31:7!24|MId=o090310070242|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:090310070231;|Type=wayyiqtol 40-41 בָּהֶֽן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_31:7!25|MId=o090310070251|Strong=0871a 41 ָהֶֽן הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=1SA_31:7!25|MId=o090310070252|Strong=2004|Type=pronominal 42 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=1SA_31:7!25|SpaceAfter=No 43 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=1SA_31:7!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּרְאוּ *they saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַנְשֵֽׁי־ *the men* | נָסוּ *they had fled* + מֵתוּ *they had died* | | | | נָסוּ *they had fled* | qatal · qal | אַנְשֵׁי *the men* | | | | | מֵתוּ *they had died* | qatal · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* + בָנָי *sons* | | | | | יַּעַזְבוּ *they abandoned* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַנְשֵֽׁי־ *the men* | עָרִים *cities* | | | | יָּנֻסוּ *they fled* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַנְשֵֽׁי־ *the men* | | | | | יָּבֹאוּ *they came* | wayyiqtol · qal | פְלִשְׁתִּים *\[the\] Philistines* | | | | | יֵּֽשְׁבוּ *they dwelt* | wayyiqtol · qal | פְלִשְׁתִּים *\[the\] Philistines* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַחֲזוֹ אֱנָשֵׁי יִשְׂרָאֵל דִבְּעִבְרָא דְמֵישְׁרָא וְדִבְּעִבְרָא דְיַרְדְנָא אֲרֵי אַפִיכוּ אֱנָשֵׁי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַאֲרֵי מִיתוּ שָׁאוּל וּבְנוֹהִי וּשְׁבָקוּ יַת קִרְוַיָא וְאַפִּיכוּ וַאֲתוֹ פְלִשְׁתָּאֵי וִיתִיבוּ בְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And when the men of Israel that were on the other side of the valley, and they that were beyond the Jordan, saw that the men of Israel fled, and that Saul and his sons were dead, they forsook the cities, and fled; and the Philistines came and dwelt in them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.888/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:804`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 31:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.31.6/) - next →: [1 Samuel 31:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.31.8/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/31/)