--- title: 1 Samuel 31:9 — And they cut off his head, and stripped off his armour, and sent int… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And they cut off his head, and stripped off his armour, and sent into the land of the Philistines round about, to carry the tidings unto the house of their idols, and to the people. Who acts: Philistines. 1 Samuel 31:9 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.31.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/31/) / 31:9 # 1 Samuel 31:9 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Philistines · **What happens:** cut off, strip off, send, carry · **To what, where:** head, armour, land, tidings This is 1 Samuel 31:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Philistines — and what happens in the verse to head, armour, land, tidings, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַֽיִּכְרְתוּ֙ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וַיַּפְשִׁ֖יטוּ אֶת־כֵּלָ֑יו וַיְשַׁלְּח֨וּ בְאֶֽרֶץ־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֜ים סָבִ֗יב לְבַשֵּׂ֛ר בֵּ֥ית עֲצַבֵּיהֶ֖ם וְאֶת־הָעָֽם׃ [And they cut off his head, and stripped off his armour, and sent into the land of the Philistines round about, to carry the tidings unto the house of their idols, and to the people.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.890/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:806 # text = וַֽיִּכְרְתוּ֙ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וַיַּפְשִׁ֖יטוּ אֶת־כֵּלָ֑יו וַיְשַׁלְּח֨וּ בְאֶֽרֶץ־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֜ים סָבִ֗יב לְבַשֵּׂ֛ר בֵּ֥ית עֲצַבֵּיהֶ֖ם וְאֶת־הָעָֽם׃ # verse = 1SA.31.9 1-2 וַֽיִּכְרְתוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_31:9!1|MId=o090310090011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּכְרְתוּ֙ כָּרַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.cut.off|Ref=1SA_31:9!1|MId=o090310090012|Strong=3772|Frame=A0:090310080041;A1:090310090031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_31:9!2|MId=o090310090021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 רֹאשׁ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 רֹאשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=head|Ref=1SA_31:9!3|MId=o090310090031|Strong=7218 5 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_31:9!3|MId=o090310090032|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 6-7 וַיַּפְשִׁ֖יטוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_31:9!4|MId=o090310090041|Strong=2050b 7 יַּפְשִׁ֖יטוּ פָּשַׁט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.stripped.off|Ref=1SA_31:9!4|MId=o090310090042|Strong=6584|Frame=AA:090310080041;A0:090310090061;|Type=wayyiqtol 8 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_31:9!5|MId=o090310090051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 9-10 כֵּלָ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 כֵּלָ֑י כְּלִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 obj _ Gloss=armor(s)|Ref=1SA_31:9!6|MId=o090310090061|Strong=3627 10 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_31:9!6|MId=o090310090062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11-12 וַיְשַׁלְּח֨וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_31:9!7|MId=o090310090071|Strong=2050b 12 יְשַׁלְּח֨וּ שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.sent|Ref=1SA_31:9!7|MId=o090310090072|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:090310080041;|Type=wayyiqtol 13-14 בְאֶֽרֶץ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_31:9!8|MId=o090310090081|Strong=0871a 14 אֶֽרֶץ־ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=1SA_31:9!8|MId=o090310090082|Strong=0776 15 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֜ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].Philistines|Ref=1SA_31:9!9|MId=o090310090091|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 16 סָבִ֗יב סָבִיב ADV _ Number=Sing 12 advmod _ Gloss=all.around|Ref=1SA_31:9!10|MId=o090310090101|Strong=5439 17-18 לְבַשֵּׂ֛ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_31:9!11|MId=o090310090111|Strong=3807a 18 בַשֵּׂ֛ר בָּשַׂר VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 12 advcl _ Gloss=bear.the.news|Ref=1SA_31:9!11|MId=o090310090112|Strong=1319|Frame=A0:090310080041;A1:090310090121;090310090152;|Type=infinitive_construct 19 בֵּ֥ית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obj _ Gloss=the.house|Ref=1SA_31:9!12|MId=o090310090121|Strong=1004 20-21 עֲצַבֵּיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 עֲצַבֵּי עָצָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=their.idols|Ref=1SA_31:9!13|MId=o090310090131|Strong=6091 21 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=1SA_31:9!13|MId=o090310090132|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 22-23 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_31:9!14|MId=o090310090141|Strong=2050b 23 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_31:9!14|MId=o090310090142|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 24-25 הָעָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_31:9!15|MId=o090310090151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 עָֽם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 conj _ Gloss=people|Ref=1SA_31:9!15|MId=o090310090152|Strong=5971 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=1SA_31:9!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּכְרְתוּ *they cut off* | wayyiqtol · qal | | רֹאשׁ *head* | | | | יַּפְשִׁיטוּ *they stripped off* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | כֵּלָי *armor(s)* | | | | | יְשַׁלְּחוּ *they sent* | wayyiqtol · piel | | | | | | בַשֵּׂר *bear the news* | infinitive construct · piel | | בֵּית *the house* + עָֽם *people* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּפְסַקוּ יַת רֵישֵׁיהּ וְחַלִיצוּ זְיָנֵיהּ וּשְׁלָחוּ בְּאַרְעָא דִפְלִשְׁתָּאֵי סְחוֹר סְחוֹר לְבַסָרָא בֵּית טַעֲוַתְהוֹן וְיַת עַמָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And they cut off his head, and stripped off his armour, and sent into the land of the Philistines round about, to carry the tidings unto the house of their idols, and to the people.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.890/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:806`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 31:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.31.8/) - next →: [1 Samuel 31:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.31.10/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/31/)