--- title: 1 Samuel 4:1 — And the word of Samuel came to all Israel. Now Israel went out again… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the word of Samuel came to all Israel. Now Israel went out against the Philistines to battle, and pitched beside Eben-ezer; and the Philistines pitched in Aphek. Who acts: word, Israel, Philistines. 1 Samuel 4:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/4/) / 4:1 # 1 Samuel 4:1 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** word, Israel, Philistines · **What happens:** come, word, go out, pitch · **To what, where:** Israel, Samuel, Aphek This is 1 Samuel 4:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — word, Israel, Philistines — and what happens in the verse to Israel, Samuel, Aphek, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּצֵ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵל֩ לִקְרַ֨את פְּלִשְׁתִּ֜ים לַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ עַל־הָאֶ֣בֶנ הָעֵ֔זֶר אֶ֣בֶנ הָעֵ֔זֶר וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים חָנ֥וּ בַאֲפֵֽק׃ [And the word of Samuel came to all Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.95/) [Now Israel went out against the Philistines to battle, and pitched beside Eben-ezer; and the Philistines pitched in Aphek.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.96/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:85 # text = וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּצֵ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵל֩ לִקְרַ֨את פְּלִשְׁתִּ֜ים לַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ עַל־הָאֶ֣בֶנ הָעֵ֔זֶר אֶ֣בֶנ הָעֵ֔זֶר וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים חָנ֥וּ בַאֲפֵֽק׃ # verse = 1SA.4.1 1-2 וַיְהִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:1!1|MId=o090040010011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֥י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.came|Ref=1SA_4:1!1|MId=o090040010012|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090040010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דְבַר־ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.word|Ref=1SA_4:1!2|MId=o090040010021|Strong=1697|SpaceAfter=No 4 שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל שְׁמוּאֵל PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Samuel|Ref=1SA_4:1!3|MId=o090040010031|Strong=8050 5-6 לְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_4:1!4|MId=o090040010041|Strong=3807a 6 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_4:1!4|MId=o090040010042|Strong=3605 7 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1SA_4:1!5|MId=o090040010051|Strong=3478 8-9 וַיֵּצֵ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:1!6|MId=o090040010061|Strong=2050b 9 יֵּצֵ֣א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.went.out|Ref=1SA_4:1!6|MId=o090040010062|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:090040010071;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 יִשְׂרָאֵל֩ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 9 nsubj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1SA_4:1!7|MId=o090040010071|Strong=3478 11-12 לִקְרַ֨את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_4:1!8|MId=o090040010081|Strong=3807a 12 קְרַ֨את קָרָא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 9 advcl _ Gloss=meet|Ref=1SA_4:1!8|MId=o090040010082|Strong=7122|Frame=A0:090040010071;A1:090040010091;|Type=infinitive_construct 13 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֜ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 obj _ Gloss=[the].Philistines|Ref=1SA_4:1!9|MId=o090040010091|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 14-16 לַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_4:1!10|MId=o090040010101|Strong=3807a 15 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_4:1!10|MId=o090040010101ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 מִּלְחָמָ֗ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=battle|Ref=1SA_4:1!10|MId=o090040010102|Strong=4421 17-18 וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:1!11|MId=o090040010111|Strong=2050b 18 יַּחֲנוּ֙ חָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.encamped|Ref=1SA_4:1!11|MId=o090040010112|Strong=2583|Frame=A0:090040010071;|Type=wayyiqtol 19 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=1SA_4:1!12|MId=o090040010121|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 הָאֶ֣בֶנ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הָ אֶבֶן־הָעֵזֶר DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_4:1!13|MId=o090040010131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 אֶ֣בֶנ אֶבֶן PROPN _ _ 18 obl _ Gloss=Ebenezer|Ref=1SA_4:1!13|MId=o090040010132 22 הָעֵ֔זֶר הָעֵזֶר PROPN _ _ 21 flat:name _ Ref=1SA_4:1!13 23 אֶ֣בֶנ אֶבֶן PROPN _ _ 21 nmod _ Gloss=Ebenezer|Ref=1SA_4:1!14|MId=o090040010141 24 הָעֵ֔זֶר הָעֵזֶר PROPN _ _ 23 flat:name _ Ref=1SA_4:1!14 25-26 וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=1SA_4:1!15|MId=o090040010151|Strong=2050b 26 פְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ Gloss=Philistines|Ref=1SA_4:1!15|MId=o090040010152|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 27 חָנ֥וּ חָנָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.encamped|Ref=1SA_4:1!16|MId=o090040010161|Strong=2583|Frame=A0:090040010142;|Type=qatal 28-29 בַאֲפֵֽק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=1SA_4:1!17|MId=o090040010171|Strong=0871a 29 אֲפֵֽק אֲפֵק PROPN _ _ 27 obl _ Gloss=Aphek|Ref=1SA_4:1!17|MId=o090040010172|Strong=0663 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=1SA_4:1!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְהִי *it came* | wayyiqtol · qal | דְבַר־ *the word* | | | | | יֵּצֵא *it went out* | wayyiqtol · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | | קְרַאת *meet* | infinitive construct · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | פְּלִשְׁתִּים *\[the\] Philistines* | | | | יַּחֲנוּ *they encamped* | wayyiqtol · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | | חָנוּ *they encamped* | qatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה פִּתְגָם שְׁמוּאֵל מַדְעָא לְכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל וּנְפַק יִשְׂרָאֵל לְקָדָמוּת פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי לְאַגָחָא קְרָבָא וּשְׁרוֹ עַל אָבֶן סְעָדָא וּפְלִשְׁתָּאֵי שְׁרוֹ בַאֲפַק: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the word of Samuel came to all Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.95/) 2. [Now Israel went out against the Philistines to battle, and pitched beside Eben-ezer; and the Philistines pitched in Aphek.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.96/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:85`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 3:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.3.21/) - next →: [1 Samuel 4:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.2/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/4/)