--- title: 1 Samuel 4:10 — And the Philistines fought, and Israel was smitten, and they fled ev… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the Philistines fought, and Israel was smitten, and they fled every man to his tent; and there was a very great slaughter; for there fell of Israel thirty thousand footmen. Who acts: Philistines, great slaughter, thousand footmen. 1 Samuel 4:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/4/) / 4:10 # 1 Samuel 4:10 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Philistines, great slaughter, thousand footmen · **What happens:** fight, smite, flee, be, fall · **To what, where:** Israel, man, tent This is 1 Samuel 4:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Philistines, great slaughter, thousand footmen — and what happens in the verse to Israel, man, tent, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּלָּחֲמ֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיִּנָּ֤גֶף יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיָּנֻ֙סוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ לְאֹהָלָ֔יו וַתְּהִ֥י הַמַּכָּ֖ה גְּדוֹלָ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד וַיִּפֹּל֙ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף רַגְלִֽי׃ [And the Philistines fought, and Israel was smitten, and they fled every man to his tent; and there was a very great slaughter; for there fell of Israel thirty thousand footmen.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.106/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:94 # text = וַיִּלָּחֲמ֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיִּנָּ֤גֶף יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיָּנֻ֙סוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ לְאֹהָלָ֔יו וַתְּהִ֥י הַמַּכָּ֖ה גְּדוֹלָ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד וַיִּפֹּל֙ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף רַגְלִֽי׃ # verse = 1SA.4.10 1-2 וַיִּלָּחֲמ֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:10!1|MId=o090040100011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּלָּחֲמ֣וּ לָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.fought|Ref=1SA_4:10!1|MId=o090040100012|Strong=3898|Frame=A0:090040100021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].Philistines|Ref=1SA_4:10!2|MId=o090040100021|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 4-5 וַיִּנָּ֤גֶף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:10!3|MId=o090040100031|Strong=2050b 5 יִּנָּ֤גֶף נָגַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.was.defeated|Ref=1SA_4:10!3|MId=o090040100032|Strong=5062|Frame=A1:090040100041;|Type=wayyiqtol 6 יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 5 nsubj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1SA_4:10!4|MId=o090040100041|Strong=3478 7-8 וַיָּנֻ֙סוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:10!5|MId=o090040100051|Strong=2050b 8 יָּנֻ֙סוּ֙ נוּס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.fled|Ref=1SA_4:10!5|MId=o090040100052|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:090040100041;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=each.man|Ref=1SA_4:10!6|MId=o090040100061|Strong=0376 10-12 לְאֹהָלָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_4:10!7|MId=o090040100071|Strong=3807a 11 אֹהָלָ֔י אֹהֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 obl _ Gloss=his.own|Ref=1SA_4:10!7|MId=o090040100072|Strong=0168 12 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=tents|Ref=1SA_4:10!7|MId=o090040100073|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 13-14 וַתְּהִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:10!8|MId=o090040100081|Strong=2050b 14 תְּהִ֥י הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 17 cop _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=1SA_4:10!8|MId=o090040100082|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090040100092;|Type=wayyiqtol 15-16 הַמַּכָּ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_4:10!9|MId=o090040100091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 מַּכָּ֖ה מַכָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=defeat|Ref=1SA_4:10!9|MId=o090040100092|Strong=4347 17 גְּדוֹלָ֣ה גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=great|Ref=1SA_4:10!10|MId=o090040100101|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 18 מְאֹ֑ד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=exceedingly|Ref=1SA_4:10!11|MId=o090040100111|Strong=3966 19-20 וַיִּפֹּל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:10!12|MId=o090040100121|Strong=2050b 20 יִּפֹּל֙ נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.fell|Ref=1SA_4:10!12|MId=o090040100122|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:090040100161;|Type=wayyiqtol 21-22 מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֔ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_4:10!13|MId=o090040100131|Strong=4480 22 יִּשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 20 obl _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1SA_4:10!13|MId=o090040100132|Strong=3478 23 שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Number=Plur 25 nummod _ Gloss=thirty|Ref=1SA_4:10!14|MId=o090040100141|Strong=7970|Type=cardinal_number 24 אֶ֖לֶף אֶלֶף NUM _ Number=Sing 23 flat _ Gloss=thousand|Ref=1SA_4:10!15|MId=o090040100151|Strong=0505|Type=cardinal_number 25 רַגְלִֽי רַגְלִי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=foot.soldier[s]|Ref=1SA_4:10!16|MId=o090040100161|Strong=7273|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=1SA_4:10!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּלָּחֲמוּ *they fought* | wayyiqtol · niphal | פְלִשְׁתִּים *\[the\] Philistines* | | | | | יִּנָּגֶף *it was defeated* | wayyiqtol · niphal | | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | יָּנֻסוּ *they fled* | wayyiqtol · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | | תְּהִי *it was* | wayyiqtol · qal | מַּכָּה *defeat* | | | | | יִּפֹּל *he fell* | wayyiqtol · qal | רַגְלִֽי *foot soldier\[s\]* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאַגִיחוּ קְרָבָא פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי וְאִתַּבָּרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאַפָּכוּ גְבַר לְקִירְווֹהִי וַהֲוָה מְחָתָא רַבְּתָא לַחֲדָא וְאִתְקְטַל מִיִשְׂרָאֵל תְּלָתִין אַלְפִין גְבַר רִגְלָי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the Philistines fought, and Israel was smitten, and they fled every man to his tent; and there was a very great slaughter; for there fell of Israel thirty thousand footmen.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.106/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:94`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 4:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.9/) - next →: [1 Samuel 4:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.11/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/4/)