--- title: 1 Samuel 4:12 — And there ran a man of Benjamin out of the army, and came to Shiloh… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And there ran a man of Benjamin out of the army, and came to Shiloh the same day with his clothes rent, and with earth upon his head. Who acts: man. 1 Samuel 4:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/4/) / 4:12 # 1 Samuel 4:12 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** man · **What happens:** run, come · **To what, where:** army, clothes, Shiloh This is 1 Samuel 4:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — man — and what happens in the verse to army, clothes, Shiloh, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּ֤רָץ אִישׁ־בִּנְיָמִן֙ מֵהַמַּ֣עֲרָכָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֥א שִׁלֹ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וּמַדָּ֣יו קְרֻעִ֔ים וַאֲדָמָ֖ה עַל־רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃ [And there ran a man of Benjamin out of the army, and came to Shiloh the same day with his clothes rent, and with earth upon his head.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.108/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:96 # text = וַיָּ֤רָץ אִישׁ־בִּנְיָמִן֙ מֵהַמַּ֣עֲרָכָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֥א שִׁלֹ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וּמַדָּ֣יו קְרֻעִ֔ים וַאֲדָמָ֖ה עַל־רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃ # verse = 1SA.4.12 1-2 וַיָּ֤רָץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:12!1|MId=o090040120011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּ֤רָץ רוּץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.ran|Ref=1SA_4:12!1|MId=o090040120012|Strong=7323|Frame=A0:090040120021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אִישׁ־ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.man|Ref=1SA_4:12!2|MId=o090040120021|Strong=0376|SpaceAfter=No 4 בִּנְיָמִן֙ בִּנְיָמִן PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Benjamin|Ref=1SA_4:12!3|MId=o090040120031|Strong=1144 5-7 מֵהַמַּ֣עֲרָכָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_4:12!4|MId=o090040120041|Strong=4480 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the.battle|Ref=1SA_4:12!4|MId=o090040120042|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 מַּ֣עֲרָכָ֔ה מַעֲרָכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=line|Ref=1SA_4:12!4|MId=o090040120043|Strong=4634 8-9 וַיָּבֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:12!5|MId=o090040120051|Strong=2050b 9 יָּבֹ֥א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.came|Ref=1SA_4:12!5|MId=o090040120052|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090040120021;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 שִׁלֹ֖ה שִׁלֹה PROPN _ _ 9 obl _ Gloss=Shiloh|Ref=1SA_4:12!6|MId=o090040120061|Strong=7887 11-13 בַּיּ֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_4:12!7|MId=o090040120071|Strong=0871a 12 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_4:12!7|MId=o090040120071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 יּ֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=1SA_4:12!7|MId=o090040120072|Strong=3117 14-15 הַה֑וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_4:12!8|MId=o090040120081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 ה֑וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=1SA_4:12!8|MId=o090040120082|Strong=1931|Type=personal 16-18 וּמַדָּ֣יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:12!9|MId=o090040120091|Strong=2050b 17 מַדָּ֣י מַד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ Gloss=garments|Ref=1SA_4:12!9|MId=o090040120092|Strong=4055 18 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_4:12!9|MId=o090040120093|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 19 קְרֻעִ֔ים קָרַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=[were].torn|Ref=1SA_4:12!10|MId=o090040120101|Strong=7167|Frame=A1:090040120092;|Type=participle_passive 20-21 וַאֲדָמָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:12!11|MId=o090040120111|Strong=2050b 21 אֲדָמָ֖ה אֲדָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ Gloss=earth|Ref=1SA_4:12!11|MId=o090040120112|Strong=0127 22 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=[was].on|Ref=1SA_4:12!12|MId=o090040120121|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 23-24 רֹאשֽׁוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 רֹאשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=head|Ref=1SA_4:12!13|MId=o090040120131|Strong=7218 24 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_4:12!13|MId=o090040120132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 25 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=1SA_4:12!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּרָץ *he ran* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ־ *the man* | | | | | יָּבֹא *he came* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ־ *the man* | | | | | קְרֻעִים *\[were\] torn* | participle passive · qal | | מַדָּי *garments* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּרְהַט גַבְרָא מִשִׁבְטָא דְבִנְיָמִן מִסִדְרָא וַאֲתָא לְשִׁלֹה בְּיוֹמָא הַהוּא וּלְבוּשׁוֹהִי מְבַזְעִין וְעַפְרָא רְמֵי עַל רֵישֵׁיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And there ran a man of Benjamin out of the army, and came to Shiloh the same day with his clothes rent, and with earth upon his head.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.108/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:96`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 4:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.11/) - next →: [1 Samuel 4:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.13/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/4/)