--- title: 1 Samuel 4:17 — And he that brought the tidings answered and said: 'Israel is fled b… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he that brought the tidings answered and said: 'Israel is fled before the Philistines, and there hath been also a great slaughter among the people, and thy two sons also, Hophni and Phinehas, are dead, and the ark of God is taken.' Who acts: Eli, two sons. 1 Samuel 4:17 in Hebrew with its depend --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/4/) / 4:17 # 1 Samuel 4:17 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Eli, two sons · **What happens:** bring, answer, say, flee, be, take · **To what, where:** tidings, Israel, ark · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 4:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Eli, two sons — and what happens in the verse to tidings, Israel, ark, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּ֨עַן הַֽמְבַשֵּׂ֜ר וַיֹּ֗אמֶר נָ֤ס יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לִפְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְגַ֛ם מַגֵּפָ֥ה גְדוֹלָ֖ה הָיְתָ֣ה בָעָ֑ם וְגַם־שְׁנֵ֨י בָנֶ֜יךָ מֵ֗תוּ חָפְנִי֙ וּפִ֣ינְחָ֔ס וַאֲר֥וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים נִלְקָֽחָה׃פ [And he that brought the tidings answered and said: 'Israel is fled before the Philistines, and there hath been also a great slaughter among the people, and thy two sons also, Hophni and Phinehas, are dead, and the ark of God is taken.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.114/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:101 # text = וַיַּ֨עַן הַֽמְבַשֵּׂ֜ר וַיֹּ֗אמֶר נָ֤ס יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לִפְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְגַ֛ם מַגֵּפָ֥ה גְדוֹלָ֖ה הָיְתָ֣ה בָעָ֑ם וְגַם־שְׁנֵ֨י בָנֶ֜יךָ מֵ֗תוּ חָפְנִי֙ וּפִ֣ינְחָ֔ס וַאֲר֥וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים נִלְקָֽחָה׃פ # verse = 1SA.4.17 1-2 וַיַּ֨עַן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:17!1|MId=o090040170011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּ֨עַן עָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.answered|Ref=1SA_4:17!1|MId=o090040170012|Strong=6030|Frame=A0:090040170022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַֽמְבַשֵּׂ֜ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the.bearer|Ref=1SA_4:17!2|MId=o090040170021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מְבַשֵּׂ֜ר בָּשַׂר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=of.news|Ref=1SA_4:17!2|MId=o090040170022|Strong=1319|Frame=A0:090040160022;|Type=participle_active 5-6 וַיֹּ֗אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:17!3|MId=o090040170031|Strong=2050b 6 יֹּ֗אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_4:17!3|MId=o090040170032|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090040170022;|Type=wayyiqtol 7 נָ֤ס נוּס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 ccomp _ Gloss=it.has.fled|Ref=1SA_4:17!4|MId=o090040170041|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:090040170051;|Type=qatal 8 יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 7 nsubj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1SA_4:17!5|MId=o090040170051|Strong=3478 9-10 לִפְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=1SA_4:17!6|MId=o090040170061|Strong=3807a 10 פְנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 7 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_4:17!6|MId=o090040170062|Strong=6440 11 פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[the].Philistines|Ref=1SA_4:17!7|MId=o090040170071|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 12-13 וְגַ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:17!8|MId=o090040170081|Strong=2050b 13 גַ֛ם גַּם ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=1SA_4:17!8|MId=o090040170082|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 14 מַגֵּפָ֥ה מַגֵּפָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Gloss=a.slaughter|Ref=1SA_4:17!9|MId=o090040170091|Strong=4046 15 גְדוֹלָ֖ה גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=1SA_4:17!10|MId=o090040170101|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 16 הָיְתָ֣ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 19 cop _ Gloss=it.has.been|Ref=1SA_4:17!11|MId=o090040170111|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090040170091;|Type=qatal 17-19 בָעָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בָ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=1SA_4:17!12|MId=o090040170121|Strong=0871a 18 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_4:17!12|MId=o090040170121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 עָ֑ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 conj _ Gloss=people|Ref=1SA_4:17!12|MId=o090040170122|Strong=5971 20-21 וְגַם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:17!13|MId=o090040170131|Strong=2050b 21 גַם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 25 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=1SA_4:17!13|MId=o090040170132|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 22 שְׁנֵ֨י שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 23 nummod _ Gloss=the.two|Ref=1SA_4:17!14|MId=o090040170141|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 23-24 בָנֶ֜יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בָנֶ֜י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ Gloss=sons|Ref=1SA_4:17!15|MId=o090040170151|Strong=1121 24 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_4:17!15|MId=o090040170152|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 25 מֵ֗תוּ מוּת VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 7 conj _ Gloss=they.have.died|Ref=1SA_4:17!16|MId=o090040170161|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:090040170151;|Type=qatal 26 חָפְנִי֙ חׇפְנִי PROPN _ _ 23 appos _ Gloss=Hophni|Ref=1SA_4:17!17|MId=o090040170171|Strong=2652 27-28 וּפִ֣ינְחָ֔ס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:17!18|MId=o090040170181|Strong=2050b 28 פִ֣ינְחָ֔ס פִּינְחָס PROPN _ _ 26 conj _ Gloss=Phinehas|Ref=1SA_4:17!18|MId=o090040170182|Strong=6372 29-30 וַאֲר֥וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:17!19|MId=o090040170191|Strong=2050b 30 אֲר֥וֹן אֲרוֹן NOUN _ Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ Gloss=the.ark|Ref=1SA_4:17!19|MId=o090040170192|Strong=0727 31-32 הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=1SA_4:17!20|MId=o090040170201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 30 compound:smixut _ Gloss=God|Ref=1SA_4:17!20|MId=o090040170202|Strong=0430 33 נִלְקָֽחָה לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 conj _ Gloss=it.has.been.taken|Ref=1SA_4:17!21|MId=o090040170211|Strong=3947|Frame=A1:090040170192;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=1SA_4:17!21|SpaceAfter=No 35 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=1SA_4:17!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעַן *he answered* | wayyiqtol · qal | מְבַשֵּׂר *of news* | | | | | מְבַשֵּׂר *of news* | participle active · piel | | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | מְבַשֵּׂר *of news* | | | | | נָס *it has fled* | qatal · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | | הָיְתָה *it has been* | qatal · qal | מַגֵּפָה *a slaughter* | | | | | מֵתוּ *they have died* | qatal · qal | בָנֶי *sons* | | | | | נִלְקָֽחָה *it has been taken* | qatal · niphal | | אֲרוֹן *the ark* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲתֵיב דִמְבַשֵׂר וַאֲמַר אַפֵּךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל קֳדָם פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי וְאַף מְחָתָא רַבְּתָא הֲוַת בְּעַמָא וְאַף תְּרֵין בְּנָךְ אִתְקְטָלוּ חָפְנִי וּפִינְחָס וַאֲרוֹנָא דַייָ אִשְׁתְּבִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he that brought the tidings answered and said: 'Israel is fled before the Philistines, and there hath been also a great slaughter among the people, and thy two sons also, Hophni and Phinehas, are dead, and the ark of God is taken.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.114/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:101`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 4:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.16/) - next →: [1 Samuel 4:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.18/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/4/)