--- title: 1 Samuel 4:18 — And it came to pass, when he made mention of the ark of God, that he… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, when he made mention of the ark of God, that he fell from off his seat backward by the side of the gate, and his neck broke, and he died; for he was an old man, and heavy. And he had judged Israel forty years. Who acts: Eli, neck. 1 Samuel 4:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/4/) / 4:18 # 1 Samuel 4:18 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Eli, neck · **What happens:** come, pass, make, fall, break, die · **To what, where:** slaughter, mention, seat, old man, ark, Israel This is 1 Samuel 4:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Eli, neck — and what happens in the verse to slaughter, mention, seat, old man, ark, Israel, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֞י כְּהַזְכִּיר֣וֹ ׀ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים וַיִּפֹּ֣ל מֵֽעַל־הַ֠כִּסֵּא אֲחֹ֨רַנִּ֜ית בְּעַ֣ד ׀ יַ֣ד הַשַּׁ֗עַר וַתִּשָּׁבֵ֤ר מַפְרַקְתּוֹ֙ וַיָּמֹ֔ת כִּֽי־זָקֵ֥ן הָאִ֖ישׁ וְכָבֵ֑ד וְה֛וּא שָׁפַ֥ט אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ [And it came to pass, when he made mention of the ark of God, that he fell from off his seat backward by the side of the gate, and his neck broke, and he died; for he was an old man, and heavy.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.115/) [And he had judged Israel forty years.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.116/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:102 # text = וַיְהִ֞י כְּהַזְכִּיר֣וֹ ׀ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים וַיִּפֹּ֣ל מֵֽעַל־הַ֠כִּסֵּא אֲחֹ֨רַנִּ֜ית בְּעַ֣ד ׀ יַ֣ד הַשַּׁ֗עַר וַתִּשָּׁבֵ֤ר מַפְרַקְתּוֹ֙ וַיָּמֹ֔ת כִּֽי־זָקֵ֥ן הָאִ֖ישׁ וְכָבֵ֑ד וְה֛וּא שָׁפַ֥ט אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ # verse = 1SA.4.18 1-2 וַיְהִ֞י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:18!1|MId=o090040180011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֞י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=1SA_4:18!1|MId=o090040180012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-5 כְּהַזְכִּיר֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=just|Ref=1SA_4:18!2|MId=o090040180021|Strong=3509a 4 הַזְכִּיר זָכַר VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 2 advcl _ Gloss=as|Ref=1SA_4:18!2|MId=o090040180022|Strong=2142|Frame=AA:090040180023;A0:090040180041;|Type=infinitive_construct 5 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ Gloss=he.brought.to.remembrance|Ref=1SA_4:18!2|MId=o090040180023|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 6 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ Ref=1SA_4:18!2 7 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_4:18!3|MId=o090040180031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 8 אֲר֣וֹן אֲרוֹן NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=the.ark|Ref=1SA_4:18!4|MId=o090040180041|Strong=0727 9-10 הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=1SA_4:18!5|MId=o090040180051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 אֱלֹהִ֗ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=God|Ref=1SA_4:18!5|MId=o090040180052|Strong=0430 11-12 וַיִּפֹּ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:18!6|MId=o090040180061|Strong=2050b 12 יִּפֹּ֣ל נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.fell|Ref=1SA_4:18!6|MId=o090040180062|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:090040160041;|Type=wayyiqtol 13-14 מֵֽעַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_4:18!7|MId=o090040180071|Strong=4480 14 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_4:18!7|MId=o090040180072|Strong=5921 15-16 הַ֠כִּסֵּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ֠ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_4:18!8|MId=o090040180081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 כִּסֵּא כִּסֵּא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=seat|Ref=1SA_4:18!8|MId=o090040180082|Strong=3678 17 אֲחֹ֨רַנִּ֜ית אֲחֹרַנִּית ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ Gloss=backwards|Ref=1SA_4:18!9|MId=o090040180091|Strong=0322 18 בְּעַ֣ד בַּעַד ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=behind|Ref=1SA_4:18!10|MId=o090040180101|Strong=1157 19 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 18 punct _ Ref=1SA_4:18!10 20 יַ֣ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=the.side|Ref=1SA_4:18!11|MId=o090040180111|Strong=3027 21-22 הַשַּׁ֗עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_4:18!12|MId=o090040180121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 שַּׁ֗עַר שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.gate|Ref=1SA_4:18!12|MId=o090040180122|Strong=8179 23-24 וַתִּשָּׁבֵ֤ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:18!13|MId=o090040180131|Strong=2050b 24 תִּשָּׁבֵ֤ר שָׁבַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.was.broken|Ref=1SA_4:18!13|MId=o090040180132|Strong=7665|Frame=A1:090040180141;|Type=wayyiqtol 25-26 מַפְרַקְתּוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 מַפְרַקְתּ מַפְרֶקֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Gloss=neck|Ref=1SA_4:18!14|MId=o090040180141|Strong=4665 26 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_4:18!14|MId=o090040180142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 27-28 וַיָּמֹ֔ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:18!15|MId=o090040180151|Strong=2050b 28 יָּמֹ֔ת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.died|Ref=1SA_4:18!15|MId=o090040180152|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:090040160041;|Type=wayyiqtol 29 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 30 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_4:18!16|MId=o090040180161|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 30 זָקֵ֥ן זָקֵן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=he.was.old|Ref=1SA_4:18!17|MId=o090040180171|Strong=2204|Frame=A0:090040180182;|Type=qatal 31-32 הָאִ֖ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_4:18!18|MId=o090040180181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 אִ֖ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ Gloss=man|Ref=1SA_4:18!18|MId=o090040180182|Strong=0376 33-34 וְכָבֵ֑ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:18!19|MId=o090040180191|Strong=2050b 34 כָבֵ֑ד כָּבֵד ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 conj _ Gloss=heavy|Ref=1SA_4:18!19|MId=o090040180192|Strong=3515|Type=adjective 35-36 וְה֛וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:18!20|MId=o090040180201|Strong=2050b 36 ה֛וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_4:18!20|MId=o090040180202|Strong=1931|Type=personal 37 שָׁפַ֥ט שָׁפַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.had.judged|Ref=1SA_4:18!21|MId=o090040180211|Strong=8199|Frame=A0:090040180202;A1:090040180231;|Type=qatal 38 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_4:18!22|MId=o090040180221|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 39 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 37 obj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1SA_4:18!23|MId=o090040180231|Strong=3478 40 אַרְבָּעִ֥ים אַרְבַּע NUM _ Number=Plur 41 nummod _ Gloss=forty|Ref=1SA_4:18!24|MId=o090040180241|Strong=0705|Type=cardinal_number 41 שָׁנָֽה שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 37 obl _ Gloss=year[s]|Ref=1SA_4:18!25|MId=o090040180251|Strong=8141|SpaceAfter=No 42 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=1SA_4:18!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הַזְכִּיר *as* | infinitive construct · hiphil | אֲרוֹן *the ark* | | | וֹ *he brought to remembrance* | | יִּפֹּל *he fell* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | תִּשָּׁבֵר *it was broken* | wayyiqtol · niphal | | מַפְרַקְתּ *neck* | | | | יָּמֹת *he died* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | זָקֵן *he was old* | qatal · qal | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | שָׁפַט *he had judged* | qatal · qal | הוּא *he* | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה כַּד אַדְכָּרוּתֵיהּ יַת אֲרוֹנָא דַייָ וּנְפַל מֵעַל כּוּרְסָא לַאֲחוֹרוֹהִי עַל כְּבַשׁ אוֹרַח תַּרְעָא וְאִתַּבָּרַת פָּרְקוּתֵיהּ וּמִית אֲרֵי סִיב גַבְרָא וְיַקִיר וְהוּא דָן יַת יִשְׂרָאֵל אַרְבְּעִין שְׁנִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass, when he made mention of the ark of God, that he fell from off his seat backward by the side of the gate, and his neck broke, and he died; for he was an old man, and heavy.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.115/) 2. [And he had judged Israel forty years.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.116/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:102`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 4:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.17/) - next →: [1 Samuel 4:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.19/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/4/)