--- title: 1 Samuel 4:2 — And the Philistines put themselves in array against Israel; and when… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the Philistines put themselves in array against Israel; and when the battle was spread, Israel was smitten before the Philistines; and they slew of the army in the field about four thousand men. Who acts: Philistines. 1 Samuel 4:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/4/) / 4:2 # 1 Samuel 4:2 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Philistines · **What happens:** put, spread, smite, slay · **To what, where:** Philistines, array, battle, Israel, thousand men, field This is 1 Samuel 4:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Philistines — and what happens in the verse to Philistines, array, battle, Israel, thousand men, field, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּעַרְכ֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים לִקְרַ֣את יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַתִּטֹּשׁ֙ הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וַיִּנָּ֥גֶף יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לִפְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּכּ֤וּ בַמַּֽעֲרָכָה֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה כְּאַרְבַּ֥עַת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִֽישׁ׃ [And the Philistines put themselves in array against Israel; and when the battle was spread, Israel was smitten before the Philistines; and they slew of the army in the field about four thousand men.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.97/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:86 # text = וַיַּעַרְכ֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים לִקְרַ֣את יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַתִּטֹּשׁ֙ הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וַיִּנָּ֥גֶף יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לִפְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּכּ֤וּ בַמַּֽעֲרָכָה֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה כְּאַרְבַּ֥עַת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִֽישׁ׃ # verse = 1SA.4.2 1-2 וַיַּעַרְכ֨וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:2!1|MId=o090040020011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּעַרְכ֨וּ עָרַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.deployed|Ref=1SA_4:2!1|MId=o090040020012|Strong=6186|Frame=A0:090040020021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].Philistines|Ref=1SA_4:2!2|MId=o090040020021|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 4-5 לִקְרַ֣את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_4:2!3|MId=o090040020031|Strong=3807a 5 קְרַ֣את קָרָא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=meet|Ref=1SA_4:2!3|MId=o090040020032|Strong=7122|Frame=A0:090040020021;A1:090040020041;|Type=infinitive_construct 6 יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 5 obj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1SA_4:2!4|MId=o090040020041|Strong=3478 7-8 וַתִּטֹּשׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:2!5|MId=o090040020051|Strong=2050b 8 תִּטֹּשׁ֙ נָטַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.spread.out|Ref=1SA_4:2!5|MId=o090040020052|Strong=5203|Frame=A0:090040020062;|Type=wayyiqtol 9-10 הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_4:2!6|MId=o090040020061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 מִּלְחָמָ֔ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=battle|Ref=1SA_4:2!6|MId=o090040020062|Strong=4421 11-12 וַיִּנָּ֥גֶף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:2!7|MId=o090040020071|Strong=2050b 12 יִּנָּ֥גֶף נָגַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.was.defeated|Ref=1SA_4:2!7|MId=o090040020072|Strong=5062|Frame=A1:090040020081;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 12 nsubj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1SA_4:2!8|MId=o090040020081|Strong=3478 14-15 לִפְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=1SA_4:2!9|MId=o090040020091|Strong=3807a 15 פְנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_4:2!9|MId=o090040020092|Strong=6440 16 פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[the].Philistines|Ref=1SA_4:2!10|MId=o090040020101|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 17-18 וַיַּכּ֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:2!11|MId=o090040020111|Strong=2050b 18 יַּכּ֤וּ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.struck.down|Ref=1SA_4:2!11|MId=o090040020112|Strong=5221|Frame=A0:090040020101;|Type=wayyiqtol 19-21 בַמַּֽעֲרָכָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_4:2!12|MId=o090040020121|Strong=0871a 20 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the.battle|Ref=1SA_4:2!12|MId=o090040020121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 מַּֽעֲרָכָה֙ מַעֲרָכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=line|Ref=1SA_4:2!12|MId=o090040020122|Strong=4634 22-24 בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_4:2!13|MId=o090040020131|Strong=0871a 23 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_4:2!13|MId=o090040020131ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 שָּׂדֶ֔ה שָׂדֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=field|Ref=1SA_4:2!13|MId=o090040020132|Strong=7704 25-26 כְּאַרְבַּ֥עַת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=about|Ref=1SA_4:2!14|MId=o090040020141|Strong=3509a 26 אַרְבַּ֥עַת אַרְבַּע NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 nummod _ Gloss=four|Ref=1SA_4:2!14|MId=o090040020142|Strong=0702|Type=cardinal_number 27 אֲלָפִ֖ים אֶלֶף NUM _ Number=Plur 26 flat _ Gloss=thousand(s)|Ref=1SA_4:2!15|MId=o090040020151|Strong=0505|Type=cardinal_number 28 אִֽישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=man|Ref=1SA_4:2!16|MId=o090040020161|Strong=0376|SpaceAfter=No 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=1SA_4:2!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעַרְכוּ *they deployed* | wayyiqtol · qal | פְלִשְׁתִּים *\[the\] Philistines* | | | | | קְרַאת *meet* | infinitive construct · qal | פְלִשְׁתִּים *\[the\] Philistines* | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | תִּטֹּשׁ *it spread out* | wayyiqtol · qal | מִּלְחָמָה *battle* | | | | | יִּנָּגֶף *it was defeated* | wayyiqtol · niphal | | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | יַּכּוּ *they struck down* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | פְלִשְׁתִּים *\[the\] Philistines* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּסְדָרוּ קְרָבָא פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי לָקֳדָמוּת יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאִתְרְטִישׁוּ עָבְדֵי קְרָבָא וְאִתַּבָּרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל קֳדָם פְּלִשְׁתָאֵי וּמְחוֹ בְסִידְרָא בְּחַקְלָא כְאַרְבְּעָא אַלְפִין גַבְרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the Philistines put themselves in array against Israel; and when the battle was spread, Israel was smitten before the Philistines; and they slew of the army in the field about four thousand men.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.97/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:86`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 4:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.1/) - next →: [1 Samuel 4:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.3/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/4/)