--- title: 1 Samuel 4:3 — And when the people were come into the camp, the elders of Israel sa… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And when the people were come into the camp, the elders of Israel said: 'Wherefore hath the LORD smitten us to-day before the Philistines? Let us fetch the ark of the covenant of the LORD out of Shiloh unto us, that He may come among us, and save us out of the hand of our enemies.' Who acts: elders, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/4/) / 4:3 # 1 Samuel 4:3 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** elders, LORD, you, us · **What happens:** come, say, smite, let, fetch, save · **To what, where:** people, camp, us, ark, Shiloh, hand · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 4:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — elders, LORD, you, us — and what happens in the verse to people, camp, us, ark, Shiloh, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּבֹ֣א הָעָם֮ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֒ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ זִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לָ֣מָּה נְגָפָ֧נוּ יְהוָ֛ה הַיּ֖וֹם לִפְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים נִקְחָ֧ה אֵלֵ֣ינוּ מִשִּׁלֹ֗ה אֶת־אֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה וְיָבֹ֣א בְקִרְבֵּ֔נוּ וְיֹשִׁעֵ֖נוּ מִכַּ֥ף אֹיְבֵֽינוּ׃ [And when the people were come into the camp, the elders of Israel said: 'Wherefore hath the LORD smitten us to-day before the Philistines?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.98/) [Let us fetch the ark of the covenant of the LORD out of Shiloh unto us, that He may come among us, and save us out of the hand of our enemies.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.99/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:87 # text = וַיָּבֹ֣א הָעָם֮ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֒ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ זִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לָ֣מָּה נְגָפָ֧נוּ יְהוָ֛ה הַיּ֖וֹם לִפְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים נִקְחָ֧ה אֵלֵ֣ינוּ מִשִּׁלֹ֗ה אֶת־אֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה וְיָבֹ֣א בְקִרְבֵּ֔נוּ וְיֹשִׁעֵ֖נוּ מִכַּ֥ף אֹיְבֵֽינוּ׃ # verse = 1SA.4.3 1-2 וַיָּבֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:3!1|MId=o090040030011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּבֹ֣א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.came|Ref=1SA_4:3!1|MId=o090040030012|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090040030022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הָעָם֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_4:3!2|MId=o090040030021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 עָם֮ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=1SA_4:3!2|MId=o090040030022|Strong=5971 5 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=1SA_4:3!3|MId=o090040030031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_4:3!4|MId=o090040030041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 מַּחֲנֶה֒ מַחֲנֶה NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=camp|Ref=1SA_4:3!4|MId=o090040030042|Strong=4264 8-9 וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:3!5|MId=o090040030051|Strong=2050b 9 יֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=1SA_4:3!5|MId=o090040030052|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090040030061;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 זִקְנֵ֣י זָקֵן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ Gloss=the.elders|Ref=1SA_4:3!6|MId=o090040030061|Strong=2205|Type=adjective 11 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=1SA_4:3!7|MId=o090040030071|Strong=3478 12-13 לָ֣מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לָ֣ לָמָה ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_4:3!8|MId=o090040030081|Strong=3807a 13 מָּה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 14 obl _ Gloss=why?|Ref=1SA_4:3!8|MId=o090040030082|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 14-15 נְגָפָ֧נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 נְגָפ נָגַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 9 ccomp _ Gloss=has|Ref=1SA_4:3!9|MId=o090040030091|Strong=5062|Frame=A1:090040030092;A0:090040030101;|Type=qatal 15 ָ֧נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 obj _ Gloss=he.defeated.us|Ref=1SA_4:3!9|MId=o090040030092|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 16 יְהוָ֛ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 14 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_4:3!10|MId=o090040030101|Strong=3068 17-18 הַיּ֖וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_4:3!11|MId=o090040030111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 יּ֖וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=1SA_4:3!11|MId=o090040030112|Strong=3117 19-20 לִפְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=1SA_4:3!12|MId=o090040030121|Strong=3807a 20 פְנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 14 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_4:3!12|MId=o090040030122|Strong=6440 21 פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[the].Philistines|Ref=1SA_4:3!13|MId=o090040030131|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 22 נִקְחָ֧ה לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 14 parataxis _ Gloss=let.us.bring|Ref=1SA_4:3!14|MId=o090040030141|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:090040030061;090040030071;A1:090040030181;|Type=cohortative 23-24 אֵלֵ֣ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 אֵלֵ֣י אֶל ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_4:3!15|MId=o090040030151|Strong=0413 24 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ Gloss=ourselves|Ref=1SA_4:3!15|MId=o090040030152|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 25-26 מִשִּׁלֹ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_4:3!16|MId=o090040030161|Strong=4480 26 שִּׁלֹ֗ה שִׁלֹה PROPN _ _ 22 obl _ Gloss=Shiloh|Ref=1SA_4:3!16|MId=o090040030162|Strong=7887 27 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_4:3!17|MId=o090040030171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 28 אֲרוֹן֙ אֲרוֹן NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 obj _ Gloss=the.ark|Ref=1SA_4:3!18|MId=o090040030181|Strong=0727 29 בְּרִ֣ית בְּרִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.covenant|Ref=1SA_4:3!19|MId=o090040030191|Strong=1285 30 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=1SA_4:3!20|MId=o090040030201|Strong=3068 31-32 וְיָבֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=so|Ref=1SA_4:3!21|MId=o090040030211|Strong=2050b 32 יָבֹ֣א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 14 conj _ Gloss=that.it.may.come|Ref=1SA_4:3!21|MId=o090040030212|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090040030201;|Type=jussive 33-35 בְקִרְבֵּ֔נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_4:3!22|MId=o090040030221|Strong=0871a 34 קִרְבּ קֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 obl _ Gloss=midst|Ref=1SA_4:3!22|MId=o090040030222|Strong=7130 35 ֵ֔נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=1SA_4:3!22|MId=o090040030223|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 36-38 וְיֹשִׁעֵ֖נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_4:3!23|MId=o090040030231|Strong=2050b 37 יֹשִׁע יָשַׁע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 14 conj _ Gloss=so|Ref=1SA_4:3!23|MId=o090040030232|Strong=3467|Frame=AA:090040030201;A0:090040030233;|Type=yiqtol 38 ֵ֖נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 37 obj _ Gloss=that.it.may.deliver.us|Ref=1SA_4:3!23|MId=o090040030233|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 39-40 מִכַּ֥ף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_4:3!24|MId=o090040030241|Strong=4480 40 כַּ֥ף כַּף NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 37 obl _ Gloss=the.palm|Ref=1SA_4:3!24|MId=o090040030242|Strong=3709 41-42 אֹיְבֵֽינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 אֹיְבֵֽי אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 40 compound:smixut _ Gloss=our.enemies|Ref=1SA_4:3!25|MId=o090040030251|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 42 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 41 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=1SA_4:3!25|MId=o090040030252|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 43 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 42 punct _ Ref=1SA_4:3!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּבֹא *it came* | wayyiqtol · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | יֹּֽאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | זִקְנֵי *the elders* | | | | | נְגָפ *has* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | ָנוּ *he defeated us* | | | | נִקְחָה *let us bring* | cohortative · qal | זִקְנֵי *the elders* + יִשְׂרָאֵל *of Israel* | אֲרוֹן *the ark* | | | | יָבֹא *that it may come* | jussive · qal | יְהוָה *of Yahweh* | | | | | יֹשִׁע *so* | yiqtol · hiphil | ֵנוּ *that it may deliver us* | | | יְהוָה *of Yahweh* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲתָא עַמָא לְמַשְׁרִיתָא וַאֲמַרוּ סָבֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמָה תַבְּרָנָא יְיָ יוֹמָא דֵין קֳדָם פְלִשְׁתָּאֵי נִסַב לָנָא מִשִׁילֹה יַת אֲרוֹן קְיָמָא דַייָ וְיֵיתֵי בֵּינָנָא בְּדִיל יְקַר שְׁמֵיהּ נִתְפְּרִיק מִיַד בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבָנָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And when the people were come into the camp, the elders of Israel said: 'Wherefore hath the LORD smitten us to-day before the Philistines?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.98/) 2. [Let us fetch the ark of the covenant of the LORD out of Shiloh unto us, that He may come among us, and save us out of the hand of our enemies.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.99/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:87`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 4:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.2/) - next →: [1 Samuel 4:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.4/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/4/)