--- title: 1 Samuel 4:8 — Woe unto us! who shall deliver us out of the hand of these mighty go… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Woe unto us! who shall deliver us out of the hand of these mighty gods? these are the gods that smote the Egyptians with all manner of plagues and in the wilderness. Who acts: Woe, these, gods. 1 Samuel 4:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every cla --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/4/) / 4:8 # 1 Samuel 4:8 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Woe, these, gods · **What happens:** deliver, be, smite · **To what, where:** us, hand, gods, Egyptians This is 1 Samuel 4:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Woe, these, gods — and what happens in the verse to us, hand, gods, Egyptians, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. א֣וֹי לָ֔נוּ מִ֣י יַצִּילֵ֔נוּ מִיַּ֛ד הָאֱלֹהִ֥ים הָאַדִּירִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה אֵ֧לֶּה הֵ֣ם הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים הַמַּכִּ֧ים אֶת־מִצְרַ֛יִם בְּכָל־מַכָּ֖ה בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ [Woe unto us! who shall deliver us out of the hand of these mighty gods? these are the gods that smote the Egyptians with all manner of plagues and in the wilderness.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.104/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:92 # text = א֣וֹי לָ֔נוּ מִ֣י יַצִּילֵ֔נוּ מִיַּ֛ד הָאֱלֹהִ֥ים הָאַדִּירִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה אֵ֧לֶּה הֵ֣ם הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים הַמַּכִּ֧ים אֶת־מִצְרַ֛יִם בְּכָל־מַכָּ֖ה בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ # verse = 1SA.4.8 1 א֣וֹי אוֹי INTJ _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=woe!|Ref=1SA_4:8!1|MId=o090040080011|Strong=0188|Type=interjection 2-3 לָ֔נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 ל לְ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_4:8!2|MId=o090040080021|Strong=3807a 3 ָ֔נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 0 root _ Gloss=us|Ref=1SA_4:8!2|MId=o090040080022|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 4 מִ֣י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 5 nsubj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=1SA_4:8!3|MId=o090040080031|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 5-6 יַצִּילֵ֔נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 יַצִּיל נָצַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=will|Ref=1SA_4:8!4|MId=o090040080041|Strong=5337|Frame=AA:090040080031;A0:090040080042;|Type=yiqtol 6 ֵ֔נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 obj _ Gloss=he.deliver.us|Ref=1SA_4:8!4|MId=o090040080042|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 7-8 מִיַּ֛ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_4:8!5|MId=o090040080051|Strong=4480 8 יַּ֛ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=1SA_4:8!5|MId=o090040080052|Strong=3027 9-10 הָאֱלֹהִ֥ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_4:8!6|MId=o090040080061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.gods|Ref=1SA_4:8!6|MId=o090040080062|Strong=0430 11-12 הָאַדִּירִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_4:8!7|MId=o090040080071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 אַדִּירִ֖ים אַדִּיר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 amod _ Gloss=mighty|Ref=1SA_4:8!7|MId=o090040080072|Strong=0117|Type=adjective 13-14 הָאֵ֑לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_4:8!8|MId=o090040080081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 אֵ֑לֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 10 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=1SA_4:8!8|MId=o090040080082|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 15 אֵ֧לֶּה אֵלֶּה PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 18 dislocated _ Gloss=these|Ref=1SA_4:8!9|MId=o090040080091|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 16 הֵ֣ם הֵם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=1SA_4:8!10|MId=o090040080101|Strong=1992|Type=personal 17-18 הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=[are].the|Ref=1SA_4:8!11|MId=o090040080111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 אֱלֹהִ֗ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 parataxis _ Gloss=gods|Ref=1SA_4:8!11|MId=o090040080112|Strong=0430 19-20 הַמַּכִּ֧ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=[who]|Ref=1SA_4:8!12|MId=o090040080121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 מַּכִּ֧ים נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur 18 acl:relcl _ Gloss=struck|Ref=1SA_4:8!12|MId=o090040080122|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:090040080112;A0:090040080141;|Type=participle_active 21 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_4:8!13|MId=o090040080131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 22 מִצְרַ֛יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 20 obj _ Gloss=Egypt|Ref=1SA_4:8!14|MId=o090040080141|Strong=4714 23-24 בְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_4:8!15|MId=o090040080151|Strong=0871a 24 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=every|Ref=1SA_4:8!15|MId=o090040080152|Strong=3605 25 מַכָּ֖ה מַכָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=plague|Ref=1SA_4:8!16|MId=o090040080161|Strong=4347 26-28 בַּמִּדְבָּֽר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_4:8!17|MId=o090040080171|Strong=0871a 27 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_4:8!17|MId=o090040080171ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 מִּדְבָּֽר מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=wilderness|Ref=1SA_4:8!17|MId=o090040080172|Strong=4057 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=1SA_4:8!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: speech with no frame - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַצִּיל *will* | yiqtol · hiphil | ֵנוּ *he deliver us* | | | מִי *who?* | | מַּכִּים *struck* | participle active · hiphil | מִצְרַיִם *Egypt* | | | אֱלֹהִים *gods* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַי לָנָא מַן יְשֵׁיזְבִינָנָא מִיַד מֵימְרָא דַייָ דְעוֹבָדוֹהִי רַבְרְבִין הָאִלֵין אִלֵין אִינוּן גְבוּרָתָא דַייָ דִמְחָא יַת מִצְרַיִם בְּכָל מָחָא וּלְעַמֵיהּ עֲבַד פְּרִישָׁן בְּמַדְבְּרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Woe unto us! who shall deliver us out of the hand of these mighty gods? these are the gods that smote the Egyptians with all manner of plagues and in the wilderness.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.104/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:92`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 4:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.7/) - next →: [1 Samuel 4:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.9/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/4/)