--- title: 1 Samuel 6:6 — Wherefore then do ye harden your hearts, as the Egyptians and Pharao… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Wherefore then do ye harden your hearts, as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts? when He had wrought among them, did they not let the people go, and they departed? Who acts: ye, Egyptians, Israel, people. 1 Samuel 6:6 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.6.6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/6/) / 6:6 # 1 Samuel 6:6 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** ye, Egyptians, Israel, people · **What happens:** harden, wrought, not let, go, depart · **To what, where:** hearts, people This is 1 Samuel 6:6 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, Egyptians, Israel, people — and what happens in the verse to hearts, people, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְלָ֤מָּה תְכַבְּדוּ֙ אֶת־לְבַבְכֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר כִּבְּד֛וּ מִצְרַ֥יִם וּפַרְעֹ֖ה אֶת־לִבָּ֑ם הֲלוֹא֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר הִתְעַלֵּ֣ל בָּהֶ֔ם וַֽיְשַׁלְּח֖וּם וַיֵּלֵֽכוּ׃ [Wherefore then do ye harden your hearts, as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts? when He had wrought among them, did they not let the people go, and they departed?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.140/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:124 # text = וְלָ֤מָּה תְכַבְּדוּ֙ אֶת־לְבַבְכֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר כִּבְּד֛וּ מִצְרַ֥יִם וּפַרְעֹ֖ה אֶת־לִבָּ֑ם הֲלוֹא֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר הִתְעַלֵּ֣ל בָּהֶ֔ם וַֽיְשַׁלְּח֖וּם וַיֵּלֵֽכוּ׃ # verse = 1SA.6.6 1-3 וְלָ֤מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_6:6!1|MId=o090060060011|Strong=2050b 2 לָ֤ לָמָה ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_6:6!1|MId=o090060060012|Strong=3807a 3 מָּה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 4 obl _ Gloss=why?|Ref=1SA_6:6!1|MId=o090060060013|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 4 תְכַבְּדוּ֙ כָּבֵד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=will.you.harden|Ref=1SA_6:6!2|MId=o090060060021|Strong=3513|Frame=A0:090060020021;A1:090060060041;|Type=yiqtol 5 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_6:6!3|MId=o090060060031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 לְבַבְכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לְבַב לֵבָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=1SA_6:6!4|MId=o090060060041|Strong=3824 7 ְכֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_6:6!4|MId=o090060060042|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 8-9 כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 4 obl _ Gloss=just|Ref=1SA_6:6!5|MId=o090060060051|Strong=3509a 9 אֲשֶׁ֧ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=as|Ref=1SA_6:6!5|MId=o090060060052|Strong=0834|Type=relative 10 כִּבְּד֛וּ כָּבֵד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 8 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.hardened|Ref=1SA_6:6!6|MId=o090060060061|Strong=3513|Frame=A0:090060060071;090060060082;A1:090060060101;|Type=qatal 11 מִצְרַ֥יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 10 nsubj _ Gloss=Egypt|Ref=1SA_6:6!7|MId=o090060060071|Strong=4714 12-13 וּפַרְעֹ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_6:6!8|MId=o090060060081|Strong=2050b 13 פַרְעֹ֖ה פַּרְעֹה PROPN _ _ 11 conj _ Gloss=Pharaoh|Ref=1SA_6:6!8|MId=o090060060082|Strong=6547 14 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_6:6!9|MId=o090060060091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 לִבָּ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לִבּ לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=1SA_6:6!10|MId=o090060060101|Strong=3820 16 ָ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=1SA_6:6!10|MId=o090060060102|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 17-18 הֲלוֹא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 25 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=1SA_6:6!11|MId=o090060060111|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 18 לוֹא֙ לֹא ADV _ _ 25 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_6:6!11|MId=o090060060112|Strong=3808|Type=negative 19-20 כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 25 dislocated _ Gloss=when|Ref=1SA_6:6!12|MId=o090060060121|Strong=3509a 20 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_6:6!12|MId=o090060060122|Strong=0834|Type=relative 21 הִתְעַלֵּ֣ל עָלַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 19 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.dealt.wantonly|Ref=1SA_6:6!13|MId=o090060060131|Strong=5953|Frame=A0:090060050112;|Type=qatal 22-23 בָּהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_6:6!14|MId=o090060060141|Strong=0871a 23 ָהֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=1SA_6:6!14|MId=o090060060142|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 24-26 וַֽיְשַׁלְּח֖וּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_6:6!15|MId=o090060060151|Strong=2050b 25 יְשַׁלְּח֖וּ שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=they|Ref=1SA_6:6!15|MId=o090060060152|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:090060060071;090060060082;A1:090060060153;|Type=wayyiqtol 26 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ Gloss=sent.them.away|Ref=1SA_6:6!15|MId=o090060060153|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 27-28 וַיֵּלֵֽכוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_6:6!16|MId=o090060060161|Strong=2050b 28 יֵּלֵֽכוּ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 25 conj _ Gloss=they.went|Ref=1SA_6:6!16|MId=o090060060162|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090060050121;|Type=wayyiqtol 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=1SA_6:6!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes - indirect: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תְכַבְּדוּ *will you harden* | yiqtol · piel | | לְבַב *heart* | | | | כִּבְּדוּ *they hardened* | qatal · piel | מִצְרַיִם *Egypt* + פַרְעֹה *Pharaoh* | לִבּ *heart* | | | | הִתְעַלֵּל *he dealt wantonly* | qatal · hithpael | | | | | | **not** יְשַׁלְּחוּ *they* | wayyiqtol · piel | מִצְרַיִם *Egypt* + פַרְעֹה *Pharaoh* | ם *sent them away* | | | | יֵּלֵֽכוּ *they went* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּלְמָה תְיַקְרִין יַת לִבְּכוֹן כְּמָא דְיַקְרוּ מִצְרָאֵי וּפַרְעֹה יַת לִבְּהוֹן הֲלָא כַּד אִתְפְּרַע מִנְהוֹן וּבָתַר כֵן שַׁלְחִינוּן וַאֲזָלוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Wherefore then do ye harden your hearts, as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts? when He had wrought among them, did they not let the people go, and they departed?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.140/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:124`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 6:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.6.5/) - next →: [1 Samuel 6:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.6.7/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/6/)