--- title: 1 Samuel 8:20 — that we also may be like all the nations; and that our king may judg… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: that we also may be like all the nations; and that our king may judge us, and go out before us, and fight our battles.' Who acts: we, king, our. 1 Samuel 8:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.8.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/8/) / 8:20 # 1 Samuel 8:20 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** we, king, our · **What happens:** be, judge, go out, fight, battle · **To what, where:** us, battles This is 1 Samuel 8:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, king, our — and what happens in the verse to us, battles, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהָיִ֥ינוּ גַם־אֲנַ֖חְנוּ כְּכָל־הַגּוֹיִ֑ם וּשְׁפָטָ֤נוּ מַלְכֵּ֙נוּ֙ וְיָצָ֣א לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ וְנִלְחַ֖ם אֶת־מִלְחֲמֹתֵֽנוּ׃ [that we also may be like all the nations; and that our king may judge us, and go out before us, and fight our battles.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.194/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:176 # text = וְהָיִ֥ינוּ גַם־אֲנַ֖חְנוּ כְּכָל־הַגּוֹיִ֑ם וּשְׁפָטָ֤נוּ מַלְכֵּ֙נוּ֙ וְיָצָ֣א לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ וְנִלְחַ֖ם אֶת־מִלְחֲמֹתֵֽנוּ׃ # verse = 1SA.8.20 1-2 וְהָיִ֥ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_8:20!1|MId=o090080200011|Strong=2050b 2 הָיִ֥ינוּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 6 cop _ Gloss=we.will.be|Ref=1SA_8:20!1|MId=o090080200012|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090080200031;|Type=weqatal 3 גַם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=1SA_8:20!2|MId=o090080200021|Strong=1571|SpaceAfter=No 4 אֲנַ֖חְנוּ אֲנַחְנוּ PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ Gloss=we|Ref=1SA_8:20!3|MId=o090080200031|Strong=0587|Type=personal 5-6 כְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=1SA_8:20!4|MId=o090080200041|Strong=3509a 6 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_8:20!4|MId=o090080200042|Strong=3605 7-8 הַגּוֹיִ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_8:20!5|MId=o090080200051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 גּוֹיִ֑ם גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=nations|Ref=1SA_8:20!5|MId=o090080200052|Strong=1471 9-11 וּשְׁפָטָ֤נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_8:20!6|MId=o090080200061|Strong=2050b 10 שְׁפָט שָׁפַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_8:20!6|MId=o090080200062|Strong=8199|Frame=A1:090080200063;A0:090080200071;|Type=weqatal 11 ָ֤נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 obj _ Gloss=will.judge.us|Ref=1SA_8:20!6|MId=o090080200063|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 12-13 מַלְכֵּ֙נוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 מַלְכּ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=1SA_8:20!7|MId=o090080200071|Strong=4428 13 ֵ֙נוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=1SA_8:20!7|MId=o090080200072|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 14-15 וְיָצָ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_8:20!8|MId=o090080200081|Strong=2050b 15 יָצָ֣א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=he.will.go.out|Ref=1SA_8:20!8|MId=o090080200082|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:090080200071;|Type=weqatal 16-18 לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=1SA_8:20!9|MId=o090080200091|Strong=3807a 17 פָנֵ֔י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 15 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_8:20!9|MId=o090080200092|Strong=6440 18 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=us|Ref=1SA_8:20!9|MId=o090080200093|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 19-20 וְנִלְחַ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_8:20!10|MId=o090080200101|Strong=2050b 20 נִלְחַ֖ם לָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=he.will.fight|Ref=1SA_8:20!10|MId=o090080200102|Strong=3898|Frame=A0:090080200071;A1:090080200121;|Type=weqatal 21 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_8:20!11|MId=o090080200111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 מִלְחֲמֹתֵֽנוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 מִלְחֲמֹת מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 20 obj _ Gloss=battles|Ref=1SA_8:20!12|MId=o090080200121|Strong=4421 23 ֵֽנוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=1SA_8:20!12|MId=o090080200122|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=1SA_8:20!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָיִינוּ *we will be* | weqatal · qal | אֲנַחְנוּ *we* | | | | | שְׁפָט *he* | weqatal · qal | מַלְכּ *king* | ָנוּ *will judge us* | | | | יָצָא *he will go out* | weqatal · qal | מַלְכּ *king* | | | | | נִלְחַם *he will fight* | weqatal · niphal | מַלְכּ *king* | מִלְחֲמֹת *battles* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּנְהֵי אַף אֲנַחְנָא כְּכָל עַמְמַיָא וְיִתְפְּרַע לָנָא מַלְכָּנָא וְיִפּוֹק בְּרֵישָׁנָא וְיַגִיחַ יַת קְרָבָנָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [that we also may be like all the nations; and that our king may judge us, and go out before us, and fight our battles.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.194/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:176`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 8:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.8.19/) - next →: [1 Samuel 8:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.8.21/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/8/)