--- title: 1 Samuel 8:5 — And they said unto him: 'Behold, thou art old, and thy sons walk not… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And they said unto him: 'Behold, thou art old, and thy sons walk not in thy ways; now make us a king to judge us like all the nations.' Who acts: elders, thou, sons. 1 Samuel 8:5 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.8.5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/8/) / 8:5 # 1 Samuel 8:5 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** elders, thou, sons · **What happens:** say, be, not walk, make, judge · **To what, where:** ways, us · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 8:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — elders, thou, sons — and what happens in the verse to ways, us, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו הִנֵּה֙ אַתָּ֣ה זָקַ֔נְתָּ וּבָנֶ֕יךָ לֹ֥א הָלְכ֖וּ בִּדְרָכֶ֑יךָ עַתָּ֗ה שִֽׂימָה־לָּ֥נוּ מֶ֛לֶךְ לְשָׁפְטֵ֖נוּ כְּכָל־הַגּוֹיִֽם׃ [And they said unto him: 'Behold, thou art old, and thy sons walk not in thy ways; now make us a king to judge us like all the nations.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.179/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:161 # text = וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו הִנֵּה֙ אַתָּ֣ה זָקַ֔נְתָּ וּבָנֶ֕יךָ לֹ֥א הָלְכ֖וּ בִּדְרָכֶ֑יךָ עַתָּ֗ה שִֽׂימָה־לָּ֥נוּ מֶ֛לֶךְ לְשָׁפְטֵ֖נוּ כְּכָל־הַגּוֹיִֽם׃ # verse = 1SA.8.5 1-2 וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_8:5!1|MId=o090080050011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּאמְר֣וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=1SA_8:5!1|MId=o090080050012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090080040031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 אֵלָ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֵלָ֗י אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_8:5!2|MId=o090080050021|Strong=0413 4 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_8:5!2|MId=o090080050022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5 הִנֵּה֙ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 7 discourse _ Gloss=here!|Ref=1SA_8:5!3|MId=o090080050031|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 6 אַתָּ֣ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_8:5!4|MId=o090080050041|Strong=0859|Type=personal 7 זָקַ֔נְתָּ זָקֵן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=you.have.become.old|Ref=1SA_8:5!5|MId=o090080050051|Strong=2204|Frame=A0:090080050041;|Type=qatal 8-10 וּבָנֶ֕יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_8:5!6|MId=o090080050061|Strong=2050b 9 בָנֶ֕י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ Gloss=sons|Ref=1SA_8:5!6|MId=o090080050062|Strong=1121 10 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_8:5!6|MId=o090080050063|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 11 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_8:5!7|MId=o090080050071|Strong=3808|Type=negative 12 הָלְכ֖וּ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 7 conj _ Gloss=they.have.walked|Ref=1SA_8:5!8|MId=o090080050081|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090080050062;|Type=qatal 13-15 בִּדְרָכֶ֑יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_8:5!9|MId=o090080050091|Strong=0871a 14 דְרָכֶ֑י דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=ways|Ref=1SA_8:5!9|MId=o090080050092|Strong=1870 15 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_8:5!9|MId=o090080050093|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 16 עַתָּ֗ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=now|Ref=1SA_8:5!10|MId=o090080050101|Strong=6258 17-18 שִֽׂימָה־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 שִֽׂימ שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 7 parataxis _ Gloss=appoint|Ref=1SA_8:5!11|MId=o090080050111|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:090080040071;A1:090080050131;|Type=imperative 18 ָה־ ה X _ _ 17 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_8:5!11|MId=o090080050112|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 19-20 לָּ֥נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_8:5!12|MId=o090080050121|Strong=3807a 20 ָ֥נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=1SA_8:5!12|MId=o090080050122|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 21 מֶ֛לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obj _ Gloss=a.king|Ref=1SA_8:5!13|MId=o090080050131|Strong=4428 22-24 לְשָׁפְטֵ֖נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_8:5!14|MId=o090080050141|Strong=3807a 23 שָׁפְט שָׁפַט VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 17 advcl _ Gloss=judge|Ref=1SA_8:5!14|MId=o090080050142|Strong=8199|Frame=A0:090080050131;A1:090080050143;|Type=infinitive_construct 24 ֵ֖נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ Gloss=us|Ref=1SA_8:5!14|MId=o090080050143|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 25-26 כְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=1SA_8:5!15|MId=o090080050151|Strong=3509a 26 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_8:5!15|MId=o090080050152|Strong=3605 27-28 הַגּוֹיִֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_8:5!16|MId=o090080050161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 גּוֹיִֽם גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=nations|Ref=1SA_8:5!16|MId=o090080050162|Strong=1471 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=1SA_8:5!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | זָקַנְתָּ *you have become old* | qatal · qal | אַתָּה *you* | | | | | **not** הָלְכוּ *they have walked* | qatal · qal | בָנֶי *sons* | | | | | שִֽׂימ *appoint* | imperative · qal | | מֶלֶךְ *a king* | | | | שָׁפְט *judge* | infinitive construct · qal | מֶלֶךְ *a king* | ֵנוּ *us* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ הָא אַתְּ סִבְתָּא וּבְנָךְ לָא הֲלִיכוּ בְּאָרְחָתָךְ כְּעַן מַנֵי לָנָא מַלְכָּא לְמִדַיְנָנָא כְּכָל עַמְמַיָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And they said unto him: 'Behold, thou art old, and thy sons walk not in thy ways; now make us a king to judge us like all the nations.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.179/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:161`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 8:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.8.4/) - next →: [1 Samuel 8:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.8.6/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/8/)