--- title: 1 Samuel 9:3 — Now the asses of Kish Saul's father were lost. And Kish said to Saul… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now the asses of Kish Saul's father were lost. And Kish said to Saul his son: 'Take now one of the servants with thee, and arise, go seek the asses.' Who acts: Kish. 1 Samuel 9:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.9.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/9/) / 9:3 # 1 Samuel 9:3 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Kish · **What happens:** lose, say, take, arise, go, seek · **To what, where:** asses, Saul, one · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 9:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Kish — and what happens in the verse to asses, Saul, one, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתֹּאבַ֙דְנָה֙ הָאֲתֹנ֔וֹת לְקִ֖ישׁ אֲבִ֣י שָׁא֑וּל וַיֹּ֨אמֶר קִ֜ישׁ אֶל־שָׁא֣וּל בְּנ֗וֹ קַח־נָ֤א אִתְּךָ֙ אֶת־אַחַ֣ד מֵֽהַנְּעָרִ֔ים וְק֣וּם לֵ֔ךְ בַּקֵּ֖שׁ אֶת־הָאֲתֹנֹֽת׃ [Now the asses of Kish Saul's father were lost.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.199/) [And Kish said to Saul his son: 'Take now one of the servants with thee, and arise, go seek the asses.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.200/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:181 # text = וַתֹּאבַ֙דְנָה֙ הָאֲתֹנ֔וֹת לְקִ֖ישׁ אֲבִ֣י שָׁא֑וּל וַיֹּ֨אמֶר קִ֜ישׁ אֶל־שָׁא֣וּל בְּנ֗וֹ קַח־נָ֤א אִתְּךָ֙ אֶת־אַחַ֣ד מֵֽהַנְּעָרִ֔ים וְק֣וּם לֵ֔ךְ בַּקֵּ֖שׁ אֶת־הָאֲתֹנֹֽת׃ # verse = 1SA.9.3 1-2 וַתֹּאבַ֙דְנָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_9:3!1|MId=o090090030011|Strong=2050b 2 תֹּאבַ֙דְנָה֙ אָבַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.were.lost|Ref=1SA_9:3!1|MId=o090090030012|Strong=0006|Frame=A0:090090030022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הָאֲתֹנ֔וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_9:3!2|MId=o090090030021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 אֲתֹנ֔וֹת אָתוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=she-asses|Ref=1SA_9:3!2|MId=o090090030022|Strong=0860 5-6 לְקִ֖ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_9:3!3|MId=o090090030031|Strong=3807a 6 קִ֖ישׁ קִישׁ PROPN _ _ 4 nmod _ Gloss=Kish|Ref=1SA_9:3!3|MId=o090090030032|Strong=7027 7 אֲבִ֣י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 appos _ Gloss=the.father|Ref=1SA_9:3!4|MId=o090090030041|Strong=0001 8 שָׁא֑וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Saul|Ref=1SA_9:3!5|MId=o090090030051|Strong=7586 9-10 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_9:3!6|MId=o090090030061|Strong=2050b 10 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_9:3!6|MId=o090090030062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090090030071;|Type=wayyiqtol 11 קִ֜ישׁ קִישׁ PROPN _ _ 10 nsubj _ Gloss=Kish|Ref=1SA_9:3!7|MId=o090090030071|Strong=7027 12 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_9:3!8|MId=o090090030081|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 13 שָׁא֣וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 10 obl _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_9:3!9|MId=o090090030091|Strong=7586 14-15 בְּנ֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בְּנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 appos _ Gloss=son|Ref=1SA_9:3!10|MId=o090090030101|Strong=1121 15 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_9:3!10|MId=o090090030102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 16 קַח־ לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 10 ccomp _ Gloss=take|Ref=1SA_9:3!11|MId=o090090030111|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:090090030091;A1:090090030151;|Type=imperative|SpaceAfter=No 17 נָ֤א נָא INTJ _ _ 16 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=1SA_9:3!12|MId=o090090030121|Strong=4994|Type=exhortation 18-19 אִתְּךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_9:3!13|MId=o090090030131|Strong=0854 19 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_9:3!13|MId=o090090030132|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 20 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_9:3!14|MId=o090090030141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 21 אַחַ֣ד אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obj _ Gloss=one|Ref=1SA_9:3!15|MId=o090090030151|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 22-24 מֵֽהַנְּעָרִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_9:3!16|MId=o090090030161|Strong=4480 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the.young|Ref=1SA_9:3!16|MId=o090090030162|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 נְּעָרִ֔ים נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 nmod _ Gloss=men|Ref=1SA_9:3!16|MId=o090090030163|Strong=5288 25-26 וְק֣וּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_9:3!17|MId=o090090030171|Strong=2050b 26 ק֣וּם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 16 conj _ Gloss=arise|Ref=1SA_9:3!17|MId=o090090030172|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:090090030091;|Type=imperative 27 לֵ֔ךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 26 parataxis _ Gloss=go|Ref=1SA_9:3!18|MId=o090090030181|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090090030091;|Type=imperative 28 בַּקֵּ֖שׁ בָּקַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 26 parataxis _ Gloss=seek|Ref=1SA_9:3!19|MId=o090090030191|Strong=1245|Frame=A0:090090030091;A1:090090030212;|Type=imperative 29 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_9:3!20|MId=o090090030201|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 30-31 הָאֲתֹנֹֽת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_9:3!21|MId=o090090030211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 אֲתֹנֹֽת אָתוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 28 obj _ Gloss=she-asses|Ref=1SA_9:3!21|MId=o090090030212|Strong=0860 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=1SA_9:3!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - hedged: yes (נָא) - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תֹּאבַדְנָה *they were lost* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲתֹנוֹת *she-asses* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | קִישׁ *Kish* | | | | | קַח־ *take* | imperative · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | אַחַד *one* | | | | קוּם *arise* | imperative · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | לֵךְ *go* | imperative · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | בַּקֵּשׁ *seek* | imperative · piel | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | אֲתֹנֹֽת *she-asses* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲבָדָא אֲתָנַיָא לְקִישׁ אָבוּהִי דְשָׁאוּל וַאֲמַר קִישׁ לְשָׁאוּל בְּרֵיהּ דְבַר כְּעַן עִמָךְ יַת חַד מֵעוּלֵמַיָא וְקוּם אֱזִיל בָּעֵי יַת אֲתָנַיָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now the asses of Kish Saul's father were lost.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.199/) 2. [And Kish said to Saul his son: 'Take now one of the servants with thee, and arise, go seek the asses.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.200/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:181`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 9:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.9.2/) - next →: [1 Samuel 9:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.9.4/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/9/)