--- title: 1 Samuel 9:4 — And he passed through the hill-country of Ephraim, and passed throug… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he passed through the hill-country of Ephraim, and passed through the land of Shalishah, but they found them not; then they passed through the land of Shaalim, and there they were not; and he passed through the land of the Benjamites, but they found them not. Who acts: Kish, asses. 1 Samuel 9:4 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.9.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/9/) / 9:4 # 1 Samuel 9:4 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Kish, asses · **What happens:** pass, not find · **To what, where:** hill country, land, servants This is 1 Samuel 9:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Kish, asses — and what happens in the verse to hill country, land, servants, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּעֲבֹ֧ר בְּהַר־אֶפְרַ֛יִם וַיַּעֲבֹ֥ר בְּאֶֽרֶץ־שָׁלִ֖שָׁה וְלֹ֣א מָצָ֑אוּ וַיַּעַבְר֤וּ בְאֶֽרֶץ־שַׁעֲלִים֙ וָאַ֔יִן וַיַּעֲבֹ֥ר בְּאֶֽרֶץ־יְמִינִ֖י וְלֹ֥א מָצָֽאוּ׃ [And he passed through the hill-country of Ephraim, and passed through the land of Shalishah, but they found them not; then they passed through the land of Shaalim, and there they were not; and he passed through the land of the Benjamites, but they found them not.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.201/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:182 # text = וַיַּעֲבֹ֧ר בְּהַר־אֶפְרַ֛יִם וַיַּעֲבֹ֥ר בְּאֶֽרֶץ־שָׁלִ֖שָׁה וְלֹ֣א מָצָ֑אוּ וַיַּעַבְר֤וּ בְאֶֽרֶץ־שַׁעֲלִים֙ וָאַ֔יִן וַיַּעֲבֹ֥ר בְּאֶֽרֶץ־יְמִינִ֖י וְלֹ֥א מָצָֽאוּ׃ # verse = 1SA.9.4 1-2 וַיַּעֲבֹ֧ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_9:4!1|MId=o090090040011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּעֲבֹ֧ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.passed|Ref=1SA_9:4!1|MId=o090090040012|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:090090030091;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 בְּהַר־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_9:4!2|MId=o090090040021|Strong=0871a 4 הַר־ הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.hill.country|Ref=1SA_9:4!2|MId=o090090040022|Strong=2022 5 אֶפְרַ֛יִם אֶפְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ephraim|Ref=1SA_9:4!3|MId=o090090040031|Strong=0669 6-7 וַיַּעֲבֹ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_9:4!4|MId=o090090040041|Strong=2050b 7 יַּעֲבֹ֥ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.passed|Ref=1SA_9:4!4|MId=o090090040042|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:090090030091;|Type=wayyiqtol 8-9 בְּאֶֽרֶץ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_9:4!5|MId=o090090040051|Strong=0871a 9 אֶֽרֶץ־ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=1SA_9:4!5|MId=o090090040052|Strong=0776 10 שָׁלִ֖שָׁה שָׁלִשָׁה PROPN _ _ 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Shalisha|Ref=1SA_9:4!6|MId=o090090040061|Strong=8031 11-12 וְלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_9:4!7|MId=o090090040071|Strong=2050b 12 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_9:4!7|MId=o090090040072|Strong=3808|Type=negative 13 מָצָ֑אוּ מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.found.[them]|Ref=1SA_9:4!8|MId=o090090040081|Strong=4672|Frame=A0:090090030091;090090030151;A1:090090030212;|Type=qatal 14-15 וַיַּעַבְר֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_9:4!9|MId=o090090040091|Strong=2050b 15 יַּעַבְר֤וּ עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.passed|Ref=1SA_9:4!9|MId=o090090040092|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:090090030091;090090030151;|Type=wayyiqtol 16-17 בְאֶֽרֶץ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_9:4!10|MId=o090090040101|Strong=0871a 17 אֶֽרֶץ־ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=1SA_9:4!10|MId=o090090040102|Strong=0776 18 שַׁעֲלִים֙ שַׁעֲלִים PROPN _ _ 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Shaalim|Ref=1SA_9:4!11|MId=o090090040111|Strong=8171 19-20 וָאַ֔יִן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_9:4!12|MId=o090090040121|Strong=2050b 20 אַ֔יִן אַיִן ADV _ _ 15 conj _ Gloss=there.[were].not|Ref=1SA_9:4!12|MId=o090090040122|Strong=0369|Type=negative 21-22 וַיַּעֲבֹ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_9:4!13|MId=o090090040131|Strong=2050b 22 יַּעֲבֹ֥ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.passed|Ref=1SA_9:4!13|MId=o090090040132|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:090090030091;|Type=wayyiqtol 23-24 בְּאֶֽרֶץ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_9:4!14|MId=o090090040141|Strong=0871a 24 אֶֽרֶץ־ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=1SA_9:4!14|MId=o090090040142|Strong=0776 25 יְמִינִ֖י יְמִינִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].Jaminite[s]|Ref=1SA_9:4!15|MId=o090090040151|Strong=1145|Type=gentilic 26-27 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_9:4!16|MId=o090090040161|Strong=2050b 27 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 28 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_9:4!16|MId=o090090040162|Strong=3808|Type=negative 28 מָצָֽאוּ מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.found.[them]|Ref=1SA_9:4!17|MId=o090090040171|Strong=4672|Frame=A0:090090030091;090090030151;A1:090090030212;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=1SA_9:4!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעֲבֹר *he passed* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יַּעֲבֹר *he passed* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | **not** מָצָאוּ *they found \[them\]* | qatal · qal | | | | | | **not** יַּעַבְרוּ *they passed* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יַּעֲבֹר *he passed* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | **not** מָצָֽאוּ *they found \[them\]* | qatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַעֲבַר בְּטוּרָא דְבֵית אֶפְרַיִם וַעֲבַר בְּאַרַע דָרוֹמָא וְלָא אַשְׁכָּחוּ וַעֲבַר בְּאַרַע מַתְבְּרָא וְלֵית וַעֲבַר בְּאַרַע שִׁבְטָא בִּנְיָמִין וְלָא אַשְׁכָּחוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he passed through the hill-country of Ephraim, and passed through the land of Shalishah, but they found them not; then they passed through the land of Shaalim, and there they were not; and he passed through the land of the Benjamites, but they found them not.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.201/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:182`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 9:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.9.3/) - next →: [1 Samuel 9:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.9.5/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/9/)