--- title: 2 Kings 1:16 — And he said unto him: 'Thus saith the LORD: Forasmuch as thou hast s… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he said unto him: 'Thus saith the LORD: Forasmuch as thou hast sent messengers to inquire of Baal-zebub the god of Ekron, is it because there is no God in Israel to inquire of His word? therefore thou shalt not come down from the bed whether thou art gone up, but shalt surely die.' Who acts: Eli --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.1.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/1/) / 1:16 # 2 Kings 1:16 מְלָכִים ב **Who acts:** Elijah, LORD, thou, God · **What happens:** say, send, inquire, be, not come down, go up · **To what, where:** messengers, bed · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Kings 1:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Elijah, LORD, thou, God — and what happens in the verse to messengers, bed, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר אֵלָ֜יו כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה יַ֜עַן אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֣חְתָּ מַלְאָכִים֮ לִדְרֹשׁ֮ בְּבַ֣עַל זְבוּב֮ בַ֣עַל זְבוּב֮ אֱלֹהֵ֣י עֶקְרוֹן֒ הַֽמִבְּלִ֤י אֵין־אֱלֹהִים֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִדְרֹ֖שׁ בִּדְבָר֑וֹ לָ֠כֵן הַמִּטָּ֞ה אֲשֶׁר־עָלִ֥יתָ שָּׁ֛ם לֹֽא־תֵרֵ֥ד מִמֶּ֖נָּה כִּֽי־מ֥וֹת תָּמֽוּת׃ [And he said unto him: 'Thus saith the LORD: Forasmuch as thou hast sent messengers to inquire of Baal-zebub the god of Ekron, is it because there is no God in Israel to inquire of His word? therefore thou shalt not come down from the bed whether thou art gone up, but shalt surely die.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.19/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2KI:15 # text = וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר אֵלָ֜יו כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה יַ֜עַן אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֣חְתָּ מַלְאָכִים֮ לִדְרֹשׁ֮ בְּבַ֣עַל זְבוּב֮ בַ֣עַל זְבוּב֮ אֱלֹהֵ֣י עֶקְרוֹן֒ הַֽמִבְּלִ֤י אֵין־אֱלֹהִים֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִדְרֹ֖שׁ בִּדְבָר֑וֹ לָ֠כֵן הַמִּטָּ֞ה אֲשֶׁר־עָלִ֥יתָ שָּׁ֛ם לֹֽא־תֵרֵ֥ד מִמֶּ֖נָּה כִּֽי־מ֥וֹת תָּמֽוּת׃ # verse = 2KI.1.16 1-2 וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_1:16!1|MId=o120010160011|Strong=2050b 2 יְדַבֵּ֨ר דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.spoke|Ref=2KI_1:16!1|MId=o120010160012|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:120010150051;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 אֵלָ֜יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֵלָ֜י אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_1:16!2|MId=o120010160021|Strong=0413 4 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2KI_1:16!2|MId=o120010160022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5 כֹּֽה־ כֹּה ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=2KI_1:16!3|MId=o120010160031|Strong=3541|SpaceAfter=No 6 אָמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=2KI_1:16!4|MId=o120010160041|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:120010160051;|Type=qatal 7 יְהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 6 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=2KI_1:16!5|MId=o120010160051|Strong=3068 8 יַ֜עַן יַעַן ADV _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=because|Ref=2KI_1:16!6|MId=o120010160061|Strong=3282 9 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=2KI_1:16!7|MId=o120010160071|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 10 שָׁלַ֣חְתָּ שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 6 ccomp _ Gloss=you.have.sent|Ref=2KI_1:16!8|MId=o120010160081|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:120010150152;A1:120010160091;|Type=qatal 11 מַלְאָכִים֮ מַלְאָךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 obj _ Gloss=messengers|Ref=2KI_1:16!9|MId=o120010160091|Strong=4397 12-13 לִדְרֹשׁ֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_1:16!10|MId=o120010160101|Strong=3807a 13 דְרֹשׁ֮ דָּרַשׁ VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 10 advcl _ Gloss=consult|Ref=2KI_1:16!10|MId=o120010160102|Strong=1875|Frame=A0:120010160091;|Type=infinitive_construct 14-15 בְּבַ֣עַל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=(in)|Ref=2KI_1:16!11|MId=o120010160111|Strong=0871a 15 בַ֣עַל בַּעַל PROPN _ _ 13 obl _ Gloss=Baal|Ref=2KI_1:16!11|MId=o120010160112 16 זְבוּב֮ _ PROPN _ _ 15 flat:name _ Ref=2KI_1:16!11 17 בַ֣עַל זְבוּב PROPN _ _ 15 appos _ Gloss=Zebub|Ref=2KI_1:16!12|MId=o120010160121 18 זְבוּב֮ _ PROPN _ _ 17 flat:name _ Ref=2KI_1:16!12 19 אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 appos _ Gloss=the.god|Ref=2KI_1:16!13|MId=o120010160131|Strong=0430 20 עֶקְרוֹן֒ עֶקְרוֹן PROPN _ _ 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ekron|Ref=2KI_1:16!14|MId=o120010160141|Strong=6138 21-23 הַֽמִבְּלִ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַֽ הַ PART _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=2KI_1:16!15|MId=o120010160151|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 22 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2KI_1:16!15|MId=o120010160152|Strong=4480 23 בְּלִ֤י בְּלִי ADV _ _ 10 parataxis _ Gloss=not|Ref=2KI_1:16!15|MId=o120010160153|Strong=1097 24 אֵין־ אַיִן ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=2KI_1:16!16|MId=o120010160161|Strong=0369|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 25 אֱלֹהִים֙ אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ Gloss=a.God|Ref=2KI_1:16!17|MId=o120010160171|Strong=0430 26-27 בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2KI_1:16!18|MId=o120010160181|Strong=0871a 27 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 23 obl _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=2KI_1:16!18|MId=o120010160182|Strong=3478 28-29 לִדְרֹ֖שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_1:16!19|MId=o120010160191|Strong=3807a 29 דְרֹ֖שׁ דָּרַשׁ VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 23 advcl _ Gloss=consult|Ref=2KI_1:16!19|MId=o120010160192|Strong=1875|Frame=A0:120010150152;|Type=infinitive_construct 30-32 בִּדְבָר֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=(in)|Ref=2KI_1:16!20|MId=o120010160201|Strong=0871a 31 דְבָר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=word|Ref=2KI_1:16!20|MId=o120010160202|Strong=1697 32 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2KI_1:16!20|MId=o120010160203|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 33-34 לָ֠כֵן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 לָ֠ לָכֵן ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=2KI_1:16!21|MId=o120010160211|Strong=3807a 34 כֵן כֵּן ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=|Ref=2KI_1:16!21|MId=o120010160212|Strong=3651 35-36 הַמִּטָּ֞ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 36 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_1:16!22|MId=o120010160221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 36 מִּטָּ֞ה מִטָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 41 dislocated _ Gloss=bed|Ref=2KI_1:16!22|MId=o120010160222|Strong=4296 37 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 38 mark _ Gloss=where|Ref=2KI_1:16!23|MId=o120010160231|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 38 עָלִ֥יתָ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 36 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.have.gone.up|Ref=2KI_1:16!24|MId=o120010160241|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:120010150152;|Type=qatal 39 שָּׁ֛ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 38 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=2KI_1:16!25|MId=o120010160251|Strong=8033 40 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 41 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2KI_1:16!26|MId=o120010160261|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 41 תֵרֵ֥ד יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 10 parataxis _ Gloss=you.will.come.down|Ref=2KI_1:16!27|MId=o120010160271|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:120010150152;|Type=yiqtol 42-43 מִמֶּ֖נָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 מִמּ מִן ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2KI_1:16!28|MId=o120010160281|Strong=4480 43 ֶ֖נָּה הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=2KI_1:16!28|MId=o120010160282|Strong=5089a|Type=pronominal 44 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 46 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2KI_1:16!29|MId=o120010160291|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 45 מ֥וֹת מוּת VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 46 obl:npmod _ Gloss=surely.(die)|Ref=2KI_1:16!30|MId=o120010160301|Strong=4191|Type=infinitive_absolute 46 תָּמֽוּת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 10 parataxis _ Gloss=you.will.die|Ref=2KI_1:16!31|MId=o120010160311|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:120010150152;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 47 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 46 punct _ Ref=2KI_1:16!31 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְדַבֵּר *he spoke* | wayyiqtol · piel | | | | | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | שָׁלַחְתָּ *you have sent* | qatal · qal | | מַלְאָכִים *messengers* | | | | דְרֹשׁ *consult* | infinitive construct · qal | מַלְאָכִים *messengers* | | | | | דְרֹשׁ *consult* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | עָלִיתָ *you have gone up* | qatal · qal | | | | | | **not** תֵרֵד *you will come down* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | תָּמֽוּת *you will die* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּמַלֵיל עִמֵיהּ כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ חֲלַף דִשְׁלַחְתָּא אִזְגַדִין לְמִשְׁאַל בְּבַעַל זְבוּב טַעֲוַת עֶקְרוֹן הֲלָא אֱלָהָא קַיָם דִשְׁכִנְתֵּיהּ שַׁרְיָא בְיִשְׂרָאֵל לְמִשְׁאַל בְּפִתְגָמֵיהּ בְּכֵן עַרְסָא דִסְלֵיקְתָּא תַמָן לָא תֵיחוֹת מִנָה אֲרֵי מֵימַת תְּמוּת: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he said unto him: 'Thus saith the LORD: Forasmuch as thou hast sent messengers to inquire of Baal-zebub the god of Ekron, is it because there is no God in Israel to inquire of His word? therefore thou shalt not come down from the bed whether thou art gone up, but shalt surely die.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.19/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2KI:15`. - ← previous: [2 Kings 1:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.1.15/) - next →: [2 Kings 1:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.1.17/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/1/)