--- title: 2 Kings 10:1 — Now Ahab had seventy sons in Samaria. And Jehu wrote letters, and se… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now Ahab had seventy sons in Samaria. And Jehu wrote letters, and sent to Samaria, unto the rulers of Jezreel, even the elders, and unto them that brought up the sons of Ahab, saying: Who acts: Ahab, Jehu. 2 Kings 10:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.10.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/10/) / 10:1 # 2 Kings 10:1 מְלָכִים ב **Who acts:** Ahab, Jehu · **What happens:** have, write, send, bring up, say · **To what, where:** seventy sons, Samaria, letters, sons · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Kings 10:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ahab, Jehu — and what happens in the verse to seventy sons, Samaria, letters, sons, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּלְאַחְאָ֛ב שִׁבְעִ֥ים בָּנִ֖ים בְּשֹׁמְר֑וֹן וַיִּכְתֹּב֩ יֵה֨וּא סְפָרִ֜ים וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח שֹׁמְר֗וֹן אֶל־שָׂרֵ֤י יִזְרְעֶאל֙ הַזְּקֵנִ֔ים וְאֶל־הָאֹמְנִ֥ים אַחְאָ֖ב לֵאמֹֽר׃ [Now Ahab had seventy sons in Samaria.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.300/) [And Jehu wrote letters, and sent to Samaria, unto the rulers of Jezreel, even the elders, and unto them that brought up the sons of Ahab, saying:](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.301/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2KI:260 # text = וּלְאַחְאָ֛ב שִׁבְעִ֥ים בָּנִ֖ים בְּשֹׁמְר֑וֹן וַיִּכְתֹּב֩ יֵה֨וּא סְפָרִ֜ים וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח שֹׁמְר֗וֹן אֶל־שָׂרֵ֤י יִזְרְעֶאל֙ הַזְּקֵנִ֔ים וְאֶל־הָאֹמְנִ֥ים אַחְאָ֖ב לֵאמֹֽר׃ # verse = 2KI.10.1 1-3 וּלְאַחְאָ֛ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and.[belonged]|Ref=2KI_10:1!1|MId=o120100010011|Strong=2050b 2 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_10:1!1|MId=o120100010012|Strong=3807a 3 אַחְאָ֛ב אַחְאָב PROPN _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=Ahab|Ref=2KI_10:1!1|MId=o120100010013|Strong=0256 4 שִׁבְעִ֥ים שֶׁבַע NUM _ Number=Plur 5 nummod _ Gloss=seventy|Ref=2KI_10:1!2|MId=o120100010021|Strong=7657|Type=cardinal_number 5 בָּנִ֖ים בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ Gloss=sons|Ref=2KI_10:1!3|MId=o120100010031|Strong=1121 6-7 בְּשֹׁמְר֑וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2KI_10:1!4|MId=o120100010041|Strong=0871a 7 שֹׁמְר֑וֹן שֹׁמְרוֹן PROPN _ _ 3 obl _ Gloss=Samaria|Ref=2KI_10:1!4|MId=o120100010042|Strong=8111 8-9 וַיִּכְתֹּב֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_10:1!5|MId=o120100010051|Strong=2050b 9 יִּכְתֹּב֩ כָּתַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.wrote|Ref=2KI_10:1!5|MId=o120100010052|Strong=3789|Frame=A0:120100010061;A1:120100010071;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 יֵה֨וּא יֵהוּא PROPN _ _ 9 nsubj _ Gloss=Jehu|Ref=2KI_10:1!6|MId=o120100010061|Strong=3058 11 סְפָרִ֜ים סֵפֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 obj _ Gloss=letters|Ref=2KI_10:1!7|MId=o120100010071|Strong=5612 12-13 וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_10:1!8|MId=o120100010081|Strong=2050b 13 יִּשְׁלַ֣ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.sent.[them]|Ref=2KI_10:1!8|MId=o120100010082|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:120100010061;A1:120100010071;|Type=wayyiqtol 14 שֹׁמְר֗וֹן שֹׁמְרוֹן PROPN _ _ 13 obl _ Gloss=Samaria|Ref=2KI_10:1!9|MId=o120100010091|Strong=8111 15 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_10:1!10|MId=o120100010101|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 16 שָׂרֵ֤י שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 obl _ Gloss=the.officials|Ref=2KI_10:1!11|MId=o120100010111|Strong=8269 17 יִזְרְעֶאל֙ יִזְרְעֶאל PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jezreel|Ref=2KI_10:1!12|MId=o120100010121|Strong=3157a 18-19 הַזְּקֵנִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_10:1!13|MId=o120100010131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 זְּקֵנִ֔ים זָקֵן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 conj _ Gloss=elders|Ref=2KI_10:1!13|MId=o120100010132|Strong=2205|Type=adjective 20-21 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_10:1!14|MId=o120100010141|Strong=2050b 21 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_10:1!14|MId=o120100010142|Strong=0413 22-23 הָאֹמְנִ֥ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הָ הַ SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=[those]|Ref=2KI_10:1!15|MId=o120100010151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 אֹמְנִ֥ים אָמַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 16 conj _ Gloss=guarding|Ref=2KI_10:1!15|MId=o120100010152|Strong=0539a|Frame=A1:120100010161;|Type=participle_active 24 אַחְאָ֖ב אַחְאָב PROPN _ _ 23 obj _ Gloss=Ahab|Ref=2KI_10:1!16|MId=o120100010161|Strong=0256 25-26 לֵאמֹֽר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 13 ccomp _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=2KI_10:1!17|MId=o120100010171|Strong=3807a 26 אמֹֽר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 25 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=2KI_10:1!17|MId=o120100010172|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:120100010061;|Type=infinitive_construct 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=2KI_10:1!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: a frame; the quote follows - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּכְתֹּב *he wrote* | wayyiqtol · qal | יֵהוּא *Jehu* | סְפָרִים *letters* | | | | יִּשְׁלַח *he sent \[them\]* | wayyiqtol · qal | יֵהוּא *Jehu* | סְפָרִים *letters* | | | | אֹמְנִים *guarding* | participle active · qal | | אַחְאָב *Ahab* | | | | אמֹֽר | infinitive construct · qal | יֵהוּא *Jehu* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּלְאַחְאָב שַׁבְעִין בְּנִין בְּשֹׁמְרוֹן וּכְתַב יֵהוּא אִגָרָן וְשַׁדַר לְשֹׁמְרוֹן לְרַבְרְבֵי יִזְרְעֶאל סָבַיָא וּלְתוּרְבָּנַיָא דְאַחְאָב לְמֵימַר: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now Ahab had seventy sons in Samaria.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.300/) 2. [And Jehu wrote letters, and sent to Samaria, unto the rulers of Jezreel, even the elders, and unto them that brought up the sons of Ahab, saying:](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.301/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2KI:260`. - ← previous: [2 Kings 9:37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.9.37/) - next →: [2 Kings 10:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.10.2/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/10/)