--- title: 2 Kings 10:4 — But they were exceedingly afraid, and said: 'Behold, the two kings s… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But they were exceedingly afraid, and said: 'Behold, the two kings stood not before him; how then shall we stand?' Who acts: sons, two kings, we. 2 Kings 10:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.10.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/10/) / 10:4 # 2 Kings 10:4 מְלָכִים ב **Who acts:** sons, two kings, we · **What happens:** be, say, not stand, stand · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Kings 10:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — sons, two kings, we — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּֽרְאוּ֙ מְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ הִנֵּה֙ שְׁנֵ֣י הַמְּלָכִ֔ים לֹ֥א עָמְד֖וּ לְפָנָ֑יו וְאֵ֖יךְ נַעֲמֹ֥ד אֲנָֽחְנוּ׃ [But they were exceedingly afraid, and said: 'Behold, the two kings stood not before him; how then shall we stand?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.304/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2KI:263 # text = וַיִּֽרְאוּ֙ מְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ הִנֵּה֙ שְׁנֵ֣י הַמְּלָכִ֔ים לֹ֥א עָמְד֖וּ לְפָנָ֑יו וְאֵ֖יךְ נַעֲמֹ֥ד אֲנָֽחְנוּ׃ # verse = 2KI.10.4 1-2 וַיִּֽרְאוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_10:4!1|MId=o120100040011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּֽרְאוּ֙ יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.were.afraid|Ref=2KI_10:4!1|MId=o120100040012|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:120100010111;120100010132;120100010152;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 מְאֹ֣ד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=very|Ref=2KI_10:4!2|MId=o120100040021|Strong=3966 4 מְאֹ֔ד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=very|Ref=2KI_10:4!3|MId=o120100040031|Strong=3966 5-6 וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_10:4!4|MId=o120100040041|Strong=2050b 6 יֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=2KI_10:4!4|MId=o120100040042|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:120100010111;120100010132;120100010152;|Type=wayyiqtol 7 הִנֵּה֙ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 12 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=2KI_10:4!5|MId=o120100040051|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 8 שְׁנֵ֣י שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 10 nummod _ Gloss=the.two|Ref=2KI_10:4!6|MId=o120100040061|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 9-10 הַמְּלָכִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_10:4!7|MId=o120100040071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 מְּלָכִ֔ים מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ Gloss=kings|Ref=2KI_10:4!7|MId=o120100040072|Strong=4428 11 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2KI_10:4!8|MId=o120100040081|Strong=3808|Type=negative 12 עָמְד֖וּ עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 ccomp _ Gloss=they.stood|Ref=2KI_10:4!9|MId=o120100040091|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:120100040072;|Type=qatal 13-15 לְפָנָ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=2KI_10:4!10|MId=o120100040101|Strong=3807a 14 פָנָ֑י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=2KI_10:4!10|MId=o120100040102|Strong=6440 15 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=2KI_10:4!10|MId=o120100040103|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 16-17 וְאֵ֖יךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_10:4!11|MId=o120100040111|Strong=2050b 17 אֵ֖יךְ אֵיךְ INTJ _ _ 18 discourse _ Gloss=how?|Ref=2KI_10:4!11|MId=o120100040112|Strong=0349|Type=interrogative 18 נַעֲמֹ֥ד עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 12 conj _ Gloss=will.we.stand|Ref=2KI_10:4!12|MId=o120100040121|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:120100040131;|Type=yiqtol 19 אֲנָֽחְנוּ אֲנַחְנוּ PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ Gloss=we|Ref=2KI_10:4!13|MId=o120100040131|Strong=0587|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 20 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 19 punct _ Ref=2KI_10:4!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּֽרְאוּ *they were afraid* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | **not** עָמְדוּ *they stood* | qatal · qal | מְּלָכִים *kings* | | | | | נַעֲמֹד *will we stand* | yiqtol · qal | אֲנָֽחְנוּ *we* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּדְחִילוּ לַחֲדָא לַחֲדָא וַאֲמַרוּ הָא תְּרֵין מַלְכַיָא לָא יְכִילוּ לְמֵיקַם קֳדָמוֹהִי וְאַכְדֵין נְקוּם אֲנַחְנָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But they were exceedingly afraid, and said: 'Behold, the two kings stood not before him; how then shall we stand?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.304/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2KI:263`. - ← previous: [2 Kings 10:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.10.3/) - next →: [2 Kings 10:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.10.5/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/10/)