--- title: 2 Kings 10:8 — And there came a messenger, and told him, saying: 'They have brought… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And there came a messenger, and told him, saying: 'They have brought the heads of the king's sons.' And he said: 'Lay ye them in two heaps at the entrance of the gate until the morning.' Who acts: messenger, sons, ye. 2 Kings 10:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.10.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/10/) / 10:8 # 2 Kings 10:8 מְלָכִים ב **Who acts:** messenger, sons, ye · **What happens:** come, tell, say, bring, lay · **To what, where:** messenger, heads, sons, two heaps · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Kings 10:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — messenger, sons, ye — and what happens in the verse to messenger, heads, sons, two heaps, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּבֹ֤א הַמַּלְאָךְ֙ וַיַּגֶּד־ל֣וֹ לֵאמֹ֔ר הֵבִ֖יאוּ רָאשֵׁ֣י בְנֵֽי־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר שִׂ֣ימוּ אֹתָ֞ם שְׁנֵ֧י צִבֻּרִ֛ים פֶּ֥תַח הַשַּׁ֖עַר עַד־הַבֹּֽקֶר׃ [And there came a messenger, and told him, saying: 'They have brought the heads of the king's sons.' And he said: 'Lay ye them in two heaps at the entrance of the gate until the morning.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.308/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2KI:267 # text = וַיָּבֹ֤א הַמַּלְאָךְ֙ וַיַּגֶּד־ל֣וֹ לֵאמֹ֔ר הֵבִ֖יאוּ רָאשֵׁ֣י בְנֵֽי־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר שִׂ֣ימוּ אֹתָ֞ם שְׁנֵ֧י צִבֻּרִ֛ים פֶּ֥תַח הַשַּׁ֖עַר עַד־הַבֹּֽקֶר׃ # verse = 2KI.10.8 1-2 וַיָּבֹ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_10:8!1|MId=o120100080011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּבֹ֤א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.came|Ref=2KI_10:8!1|MId=o120100080012|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:120100080022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַמַּלְאָךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_10:8!2|MId=o120100080021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מַּלְאָךְ֙ מַלְאָךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=messenger|Ref=2KI_10:8!2|MId=o120100080022|Strong=4397 5-6 וַיַּגֶּד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_10:8!3|MId=o120100080031|Strong=2050b 6 יַּגֶּד־ נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.told|Ref=2KI_10:8!3|MId=o120100080032|Strong=5046|Frame=A0:120100080022;|Type=wayyiqtol 7-8 ל֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 ל לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_10:8!4|MId=o120100080041|Strong=3807a 8 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2KI_10:8!4|MId=o120100080042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 9-10 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 11 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=2KI_10:8!5|MId=o120100080051|Strong=3807a 10 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 9 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=2KI_10:8!5|MId=o120100080052|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:120100080022;|Type=infinitive_construct 11 הֵבִ֖יאוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 advcl _ Gloss=they.have.brought|Ref=2KI_10:8!6|MId=o120100080061|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:120100050042;120100050072;120100050083;120100050093;A0:120100080071;|Type=qatal 12 רָאשֵׁ֣י רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 obj _ Gloss=the.heads|Ref=2KI_10:8!7|MId=o120100080071|Strong=7218 13 בְנֵֽי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.sons|Ref=2KI_10:8!8|MId=o120100080081|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2KI_10:8!9|MId=o120100080091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 מֶּ֑לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=2KI_10:8!9|MId=o120100080092|Strong=4428 16-17 וַיֹּ֗אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_10:8!10|MId=o120100080101|Strong=2050b 17 יֹּ֗אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2KI_10:8!10|MId=o120100080102|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:120100050111;|Type=wayyiqtol 18 שִׂ֣ימוּ שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 17 ccomp _ Gloss=make|Ref=2KI_10:8!11|MId=o120100080111|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:;A1:120100080122;|Type=imperative 19-20 אֹתָ֞ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=|Ref=2KI_10:8!12|MId=o120100080121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 20 ָ֞ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=2KI_10:8!12|MId=o120100080122|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 21 שְׁנֵ֧י שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 22 nummod _ Gloss=two|Ref=2KI_10:8!13|MId=o120100080131|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 22 צִבֻּרִ֛ים צִבֻּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 obl _ Gloss=heaps|Ref=2KI_10:8!14|MId=o120100080141|Strong=6652 23 פֶּ֥תַח פֶּתַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=the.entrance|Ref=2KI_10:8!15|MId=o120100080151|Strong=6607 24-25 הַשַּׁ֖עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2KI_10:8!16|MId=o120100080161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 שַּׁ֖עַר שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.gate|Ref=2KI_10:8!16|MId=o120100080162|Strong=8179 26 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=2KI_10:8!17|MId=o120100080171|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 27-28 הַבֹּֽקֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_10:8!18|MId=o120100080181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 בֹּֽקֶר בֹּקֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=morning|Ref=2KI_10:8!18|MId=o120100080182|Strong=1242 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=2KI_10:8!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּבֹא *he came* | wayyiqtol · qal | מַּלְאָךְ *messenger* | | | | | יַּגֶּד־ *he told* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | מַּלְאָךְ *messenger* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | מַּלְאָךְ *messenger* | | | | | הֵבִיאוּ *they have brought* | qatal · hiphil | רָאשֵׁי *the heads* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | שִׂימוּ *make* | imperative · qal | | ָם *them* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲתָא אִזְגַדָא וְחַוִי לֵיהּ לְמֵימַר אַיְתִיאוּ רֵישֵׁי בְּנֵי מַלְכָּא וַאֲמַר שַׁווּ יַתְהוֹן תְּרֵין דְגוֹרִין בְּמַעֲלָנָא דְתַרְעָא עַד צַפְרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And there came a messenger, and told him, saying: 'They have brought the heads of the king's sons.' And he said: 'Lay ye them in two heaps at the entrance of the gate until the morning.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.308/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2KI:267`. - ← previous: [2 Kings 10:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.10.7/) - next →: [2 Kings 10:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.10.9/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/10/)