--- title: 2 Kings 17:31 — and the Avvites made Nibhaz and Tartak, and the Sepharvites burnt th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and the Avvites made Nibhaz and Tartak, and the Sepharvites burnt their children in the fire to Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of Sepharvaim. Who acts: Avvites, Sepharvites. 2 Kings 17:31 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.17.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/17/) / 17:31 # 2 Kings 17:31 מְלָכִים ב **Who acts:** Avvites, Sepharvites · **What happens:** make, burn · **To what, where:** Nibhaz, children, Adrammelech, fire This is 2 Kings 17:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Avvites, Sepharvites — and what happens in the verse to Nibhaz, children, Adrammelech, fire, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהָעַוִּ֛ים עָשׂ֥וּ נִבְחַ֖ז וְאֶת־תַּרְתָּ֑ק וְהַסְפַרְוִ֗ים שֹׂרְפִ֤ים אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶם֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ לְאַדְרַמֶּ֥לֶךְ וַֽעֲנַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֱלֹהֵ֥י סְפַרְוָֽיִם׃ [and the Avvites made Nibhaz and Tartak, and the Sepharvites burnt their children in the fire to Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of Sepharvaim.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.539/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2KI:480 # text = וְהָעַוִּ֛ים עָשׂ֥וּ נִבְחַ֖ז וְאֶת־תַּרְתָּ֑ק וְהַסְפַרְוִ֗ים שֹׂרְפִ֤ים אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶם֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ לְאַדְרַמֶּ֥לֶךְ וַֽעֲנַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֱלֹהֵ֥י סְפַרְוָֽיִם׃ # verse = 2KI.17.31 1-3 וְהָעַוִּ֛ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_17:31!1|MId=o120170310011|Strong=2050b 2 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_17:31!1|MId=o120170310012|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 עַוִּ֛ים עַוִּים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ Gloss=Avvites|Ref=2KI_17:31!1|MId=o120170310013|Strong=5757|Type=gentilic 4 עָשׂ֥וּ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.made|Ref=2KI_17:31!2|MId=o120170310021|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:120170310013;A1:120170310031;120170310051;|Type=qatal 5 נִבְחַ֖ז נִבְחַז PROPN _ _ 4 obj _ Gloss=Nibhaz|Ref=2KI_17:31!3|MId=o120170310031|Strong=5026 6-7 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_17:31!4|MId=o120170310041|Strong=2050b 7 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_17:31!4|MId=o120170310042|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 8 תַּרְתָּ֑ק תַּרְתָּק PROPN _ _ 5 conj _ Gloss=Tartak|Ref=2KI_17:31!5|MId=o120170310051|Strong=8662 9-11 וְהַסְפַרְוִ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_17:31!6|MId=o120170310061|Strong=2050b 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_17:31!6|MId=o120170310062|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 סְפַרְוִ֗ים סְפַרְוִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ Gloss=Sepharvites|Ref=2KI_17:31!6|MId=o120170310063|Strong=5616|Type=gentilic 12 שֹׂרְפִ֤ים שָׂרַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 4 conj _ Gloss=[were].burning|Ref=2KI_17:31!7|MId=o120170310071|Strong=8313|Frame=A0:120170310063;A1:120170310091;|Type=participle_active 13 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_17:31!8|MId=o120170310081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 בְּנֵיהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בְּנֵי בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 obj _ Gloss=children|Ref=2KI_17:31!9|MId=o120170310091|Strong=1121 15 הֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=2KI_17:31!9|MId=o120170310092|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 16-18 בָּאֵ֔שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2KI_17:31!10|MId=o120170310101|Strong=0871a 17 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_17:31!10|MId=o120170310101ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 אֵ֔שׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=fire|Ref=2KI_17:31!10|MId=o120170310102|Strong=0784 19-20 לְאַדְרַמֶּ֥לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_17:31!11|MId=o120170310111|Strong=3807a 20 אַדְרַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אַדְרַמֶּלֶךְ PROPN _ _ 12 obl _ Gloss=Adrammelech|Ref=2KI_17:31!11|MId=o120170310112|Strong=0152 21-22 וַֽעֲנַמֶּ֖לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_17:31!12|MId=o120170310121|Strong=2050b 22 עֲנַמֶּ֖לֶךְ עֲנַמֶּלֶךְ PROPN _ _ 20 conj _ Gloss=Anammelech|Ref=2KI_17:31!12|MId=o120170310122|Strong=6048 23 אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 appos _ Gloss=the.gods|Ref=2KI_17:31!14|MId=o120170310141|Strong=0430 24 סְפַרְוָֽיִם סְפַרְוַיִם PROPN _ _ 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Sepharvaim|Ref=2KI_17:31!16|MId=o120170310161|Strong=5617|SpaceAfter=No 25 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=2KI_17:31!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עָשׂוּ *they made* | qatal · qal | עַוִּים *Avvites* | נִבְחַז *Nibhaz* + תַּרְתָּק *Tartak* | | | | שֹׂרְפִים *\[were\] burning* | participle active · qal | סְפַרְוִים *Sepharvites* | בְּנֵי *children* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַעֲוָאֵי עֲבַדוּ נִבְחַז וְיַת תַּרְתָּק וֶאֱנַשׁ סְפַרְוָאֵי מוֹקְדִין יַת בְּנֵיהוֹן בְּנוּרָא לְאַדְרַמֶלֶךְ וַעֲנַמֶלֶךְ טַעֲוַת סְפַרְוָיִם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and the Avvites made Nibhaz and Tartak, and the Sepharvites burnt their children in the fire to Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of Sepharvaim.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.539/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2KI:480`. - ← previous: [2 Kings 17:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.17.30/) - next →: [2 Kings 17:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.17.32/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/17/)