--- title: 2 Kings 18:13 — Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king of… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king of Assyria come up against all the fortified cities of Judah, and took them. Who acts: Sennacherib king. 2 Kings 18:13 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.18.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/18/) / 18:13 # 2 Kings 18:13 מְלָכִים ב **Who acts:** Sennacherib king · **What happens:** come up, fortify, take · **To what, where:** fortified cities, Philistines This is 2 Kings 18:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Sennacherib king — and what happens in the verse to fortified cities, Philistines, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּבְאַרְבַּע֩ עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה שָׁנָ֜ה לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֗ה עָלָ֞ה סַנְחֵרִ֤יב מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ עַ֣ל כָּל־עָרֵ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה הַבְּצֻר֖וֹת וַֽיִּתְפְּשֵֽׂם׃ [Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king of Assyria come up against all the fortified cities of Judah, and took them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.562/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2KI:503 # text = וּבְאַרְבַּע֩ עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה שָׁנָ֜ה לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֗ה עָלָ֞ה סַנְחֵרִ֤יב מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ עַ֣ל כָּל־עָרֵ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה הַבְּצֻר֖וֹת וַֽיִּתְפְּשֵֽׂם׃ # verse = 2KI.18.13 1-3 וּבְאַרְבַּע֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_18:13!1|MId=o120180130011|Strong=2050b 2 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2KI_18:13!1|MId=o120180130012|Strong=0871a 3 אַרְבַּע֩ אַרְבַּע NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 nummod _ Gloss=four-|Ref=2KI_18:13!1|MId=o120180130013|Strong=0702|Type=cardinal_number 4 עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה עֶשְׂרֵה NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 flat _ Gloss=teen|Ref=2KI_18:13!2|MId=o120180130021|Strong=6240|Type=cardinal_number 5 שָׁנָ֜ה שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=year|Ref=2KI_18:13!3|MId=o120180130031|Strong=8141 6-8 לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=2KI_18:13!4|MId=o120180130041|Strong=3807a 7 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_18:13!4|MId=o120180130041ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 מֶּ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ Gloss=king|Ref=2KI_18:13!4|MId=o120180130042|Strong=4428 9 חִזְקִיָּ֗ה חִזְקִיָּה PROPN _ _ 8 appos _ Gloss=Hezekiah|Ref=2KI_18:13!5|MId=o120180130051|Strong=2396 10 עָלָ֞ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.came.up|Ref=2KI_18:13!6|MId=o120180130061|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:120180130071;|Type=qatal 11 סַנְחֵרִ֤יב סַנְחֵרִיב PROPN _ _ 10 nsubj _ Gloss=Sennacherib|Ref=2KI_18:13!7|MId=o120180130071|Strong=5576 12 מֶֽלֶךְ־ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 appos _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=2KI_18:13!8|MId=o120180130081|Strong=4428|SpaceAfter=No 13 אַשּׁוּר֙ אַשּׁוּר PROPN _ _ 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Assyria|Ref=2KI_18:13!9|MId=o120180130091|Strong=0804 14 עַ֣ל עַל ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2KI_18:13!10|MId=o120180130101|Strong=5921 15 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=2KI_18:13!11|MId=o120180130111|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 16 עָרֵ֧י עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.cities|Ref=2KI_18:13!12|MId=o120180130121|Strong=5892 17 יְהוּדָ֛ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=2KI_18:13!13|MId=o120180130131|Strong=3063 18-19 הַבְּצֻר֖וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2KI_18:13!14|MId=o120180130141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 בְּצֻר֖וֹת בָּצוּר ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 16 amod _ Gloss=fortified|Ref=2KI_18:13!14|MId=o120180130142|Strong=1208|Type=adjective 20-22 וַֽיִּתְפְּשֵֽׂם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_18:13!15|MId=o120180130151|Strong=2050b 21 יִּתְפְּשׂ תָּפַשׂ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 10 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=2KI_18:13!15|MId=o120180130152|Strong=8610|Frame=A0:120180130071;A1:120180130153;|Type=wayyiqtol 22 ֵֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obj _ Gloss=seized.them|Ref=2KI_18:13!15|MId=o120180130153|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=2KI_18:13!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עָלָה *he came up* | qatal · qal | סַנְחֵרִיב *Sennacherib* | | | | | יִּתְפְּשׂ *he* | wayyiqtol · qal | סַנְחֵרִיב *Sennacherib* | ֵֽם *seized them* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּבְאַרְבַּע עַשְׂרֵי שְׁנִין לְמַלְכָּא חִזְקִיָה סְלִיק סַנְחֵרִיב מַלְכָּא דְאַתּוּר עַל כָּל קִירְוַיָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה כְּרִיכָתָא וַאֲחָדִינוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king of Assyria come up against all the fortified cities of Judah, and took them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.562/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2KI:503`. - ← previous: [2 Kings 18:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.18.12/) - next →: [2 Kings 18:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.18.14/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/18/)