--- title: 2 Kings 18:27 — But Rab-shakeh said unto them: 'Hath my master sent me to thy master… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But Rab-shakeh said unto them: 'Hath my master sent me to thy master, and to thee, to speak these words? hath he not sent me to the men that sit on the wall, to eat their own dung, and to drink their own water with you?' Who acts: master, men. 2 Kings 18:27 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.18.27/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/18/) / 18:27 # 2 Kings 18:27 מְלָכִים ב **Who acts:** master, men · **What happens:** say, send, speak, not send, sit, eat · **To what, where:** me, master, words, men, wall, own dung · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Kings 18:27 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — master, men — and what happens in the verse to me, master, words, men, wall, own dung, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם רַב־שָׁקֵ֗ה הַעַ֨ל אֲדֹנֶ֤יךָ וְאֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ שְׁלָחַ֣נִי אֲדֹנִ֔י לְדַבֵּ֖ר אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה הֲלֹ֣א עַל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ עַל־הַ֣חֹמָ֔ה לֶאֱכֹ֣ל אֶתצוֹאָתָ֗ם וְלִשְׁתּ֛וֹת אֶת־מימֵ֥י רַגְלֵיהֶ֖םעִמָּכֶֽם׃ [But Rab-shakeh said unto them: 'Hath my master sent me to thy master, and to thee, to speak these words? hath he not sent me to the men that sit on the wall, to eat their own dung, and to drink their own water with you?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.580/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2KI:517 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם רַב־שָׁקֵ֗ה הַעַ֨ל אֲדֹנֶ֤יךָ וְאֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ שְׁלָחַ֣נִי אֲדֹנִ֔י לְדַבֵּ֖ר אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה הֲלֹ֣א עַל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ עַל־הַ֣חֹמָ֔ה לֶאֱכֹ֣ל אֶתצוֹאָתָ֗ם וְלִשְׁתּ֛וֹת אֶת־מימֵ֥י רַגְלֵיהֶ֖םעִמָּכֶֽם׃ # verse = 2KI.18.27 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_18:27!1|MId=o120180270011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2KI_18:27!1|MId=o120180270012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:120180270031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֲלֵי אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_18:27!2|MId=o120180270021|Strong=0413 4 הֶ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=2KI_18:27!2|MId=o120180270022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5 רַב־ רַב־שָׁקֵה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].Rab-|Ref=2KI_18:27!3|MId=o120180270031|Strong=7262|SpaceAfter=No 6 שָׁקֵ֗ה רַבְשָׁקֵה PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=shaqeh|Ref=2KI_18:27!4|MId=o120180270041|Strong=7262 7-8 הַעַ֨ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הֲ PART _ _ 14 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=2KI_18:27!5|MId=o120180270051|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 8 עַ֨ל עַל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_18:27!5|MId=o120180270052|Strong=5921 9-10 אֲדֹנֶ֤יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 אֲדֹנֶ֤י אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 obl _ Gloss=master(s)|Ref=2KI_18:27!6|MId=o120180270061|Strong=0113 10 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2KI_18:27!6|MId=o120180270062|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 11-13 וְאֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_18:27!7|MId=o120180270071|Strong=2050b 12 אֵלֶ֙י אֶל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_18:27!7|MId=o120180270072|Strong=0413 13 ךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 conj _ Gloss=you|Ref=2KI_18:27!7|MId=o120180270073|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 14-15 שְׁלָחַ֣נִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 שְׁלָח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=has|Ref=2KI_18:27!8|MId=o120180270081|Strong=7971|Frame=A1:120180270082;A0:120180270091;|Type=qatal 15 ַ֣נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 obj _ Gloss=he.sent.me|Ref=2KI_18:27!8|MId=o120180270082|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 16-17 אֲדֹנִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 אֲדֹנ אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ Gloss=master|Ref=2KI_18:27!9|MId=o120180270091|Strong=0113 17 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=2KI_18:27!9|MId=o120180270092|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 18-19 לְדַבֵּ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_18:27!10|MId=o120180270101|Strong=3807a 19 דַבֵּ֖ר דָבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 14 advcl _ Gloss=speak|Ref=2KI_18:27!10|MId=o120180270102|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:120180270031;A1:120180270122;|Type=infinitive_construct 20 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_18:27!11|MId=o120180270111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 הַדְּבָרִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_18:27!12|MId=o120180270121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 דְּבָרִ֣ים דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 obj _ Gloss=words|Ref=2KI_18:27!12|MId=o120180270122|Strong=1697 23-24 הָאֵ֑לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2KI_18:27!13|MId=o120180270131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 אֵ֑לֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 22 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=2KI_18:27!13|MId=o120180270132|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 25-26 הֲלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=2KI_18:27!14|MId=o120180270141|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 26 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 14 parataxis _ Gloss=not|Ref=2KI_18:27!14|MId=o120180270142|Strong=3808|Type=negative 27 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_18:27!15|MId=o120180270151|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 28-29 הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_18:27!16|MId=o120180270161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 אֲנָשִׁ֗ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 obl _ Gloss=men|Ref=2KI_18:27!16|MId=o120180270162|Strong=0376 30-31 הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 31 mark _ Gloss=[who|Ref=2KI_18:27!17|MId=o120180270171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 יֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 29 acl:relcl _ Gloss=are].sitting|Ref=2KI_18:27!17|MId=o120180270172|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:120180270162;|Type=participle_active 32 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2KI_18:27!18|MId=o120180270181|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 33-34 הַ֣חֹמָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הַ֣ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_18:27!19|MId=o120180270191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 חֹמָ֔ה חוֹמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=wall|Ref=2KI_18:27!19|MId=o120180270192|Strong=2346 35-36 לֶאֱכֹ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 לֶ לְ ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_18:27!20|MId=o120180270201|Strong=3807a 36 אֱכֹ֣ל אָכַל VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 31 advcl _ Gloss=eat|Ref=2KI_18:27!20|MId=o120180270202|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:120180270162;A1:120180270231;|Type=infinitive_construct 37-39 אֶתצוֹאָתָ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 אֶת אֵת ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_18:27!21|MId=o120180270211|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 38 צוֹאָת צֹאָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 36 obj _ Gloss=excrement|Ref=2KI_18:27!23|MId=o120180270231|Strong=6675 39 ָ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their.own|Ref=2KI_18:27!23|MId=o120180270232|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 40-42 וְלִשְׁתּ֛וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 42 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_18:27!24|MId=o120180270241|Strong=2050b 41 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_18:27!24|MId=o120180270242|Strong=3807a 42 שְׁתּ֛וֹת שָׁתָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 36 conj _ Gloss=drink|Ref=2KI_18:27!24|MId=o120180270243|Strong=8354|Frame=A0:120180270162;A1:120180270271;|Type=infinitive_construct 43 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 44 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_18:27!25|MId=o120180270251|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 44 מימֵ֥י מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 42 obj _ Gloss=the.water|Ref=2KI_18:27!27|MId=o120180270271|Strong=4325 45-48 רַגְלֵיהֶ֖םעִמָּכֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 רַגְלֵי רֶגֶל NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 44 compound:smixut _ Gloss=their.feet|Ref=2KI_18:27!28|MId=o120180270281|Strong=7272 46 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=2KI_18:27!28|MId=o120180270282|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 47 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 48 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2KI_18:27!29|MId=o120180270291|Strong=5973 48 ָכֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 42 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=2KI_18:27!29|MId=o120180270292|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 49 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 48 punct _ Ref=2KI_18:27!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | רַב־ *\[the\] Rab-* | | | | | **not** שְׁלָח *has* | qatal · qal | אֲדֹנ *master* | ַנִי *he sent me* | | | | דַבֵּר *speak* | infinitive construct · piel | רַב־ *\[the\] Rab-* | דְּבָרִים *words* | | | | יֹּֽשְׁבִים *are\] sitting* | participle active · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | אֱכֹל *eat* | infinitive construct · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | צוֹאָת *excrement* | | | | שְׁתּוֹת *drink* | infinitive construct · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | מימֵי *the water* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר לְהוֹן רַבְשָׁקֵה הַעַל רִבּוֹנָךְ וַעֲלָךְ שַׁלְחַנִי רִבּוֹנִי לְמַלָלָא יַת כָּל פִּתְגָמַיָא הָאִלֵין הֲלָא עַל גַבְרַיָא דְיַתְבִין עַל שׁוּרָא לְמֵיכַל יַת מַפְקַתְהוֹן וּלְמִשְׁתֵי יַת מֵימֵי רִגְלֵיהוֹן בִּצְיָרָא עִמְכוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But Rab-shakeh said unto them: 'Hath my master sent me to thy master, and to thee, to speak these words? hath he not sent me to the men that sit on the wall, to eat their own dung, and to drink their own water with you?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.580/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2KI:517`. - ← previous: [2 Kings 18:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.18.26/) - next →: [2 Kings 18:28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.18.28/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/18/)