--- title: 2 Kings 18:31 — Hearken not to Hezekiah; for thus saith the king of Assyria: Make yo… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Hearken not to Hezekiah; for thus saith the king of Assyria: Make your peace with me, and come out to me; and eat ye every one of his vine, and every one of his fig-tree, and drink ye every one the waters of his own cistern; Who acts: you, king, ye, your. 2 Kings 18:31 in Hebrew with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.18.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/18/) / 18:31 # 2 Kings 18:31 מְלָכִים ב **Who acts:** you, king, ye, your · **What happens:** not hearken, say, make, come out, eat, drink · **To what, where:** Hezekiah, peace, me, one, waters · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Kings 18:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, king, ye, your — and what happens in the verse to Hezekiah, peace, me, one, waters, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אַֽל־תִּשְׁמְע֖וּ אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֑הוּ כִּי֩ כֹ֨ה אָמַ֜ר מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֗וּר עֲשֽׂוּ־אִתִּ֤י בְרָכָה֙ וּצְא֣וּ אֵלַ֔י וְאִכְל֤וּ אִישׁ־גַּפְנוֹ֙ וְאִ֣ישׁ תְּאֵֽנָת֔וֹ וּשְׁת֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ מֵֽי־בוֹרֽוֹ׃ [Hearken not to Hezekiah; for thus saith the king of Assyria: Make your peace with me, and come out to me; and eat ye every one of his vine, and every one of his fig-tree, and drink ye every one the waters of his own cistern;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.584/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2KI:521 # text = אַֽל־תִּשְׁמְע֖וּ אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֑הוּ כִּי֩ כֹ֨ה אָמַ֜ר מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֗וּר עֲשֽׂוּ־אִתִּ֤י בְרָכָה֙ וּצְא֣וּ אֵלַ֔י וְאִכְל֤וּ אִישׁ־גַּפְנוֹ֙ וְאִ֣ישׁ תְּאֵֽנָת֔וֹ וּשְׁת֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ מֵֽי־בוֹרֽוֹ׃ # verse = 2KI.18.31 1 אַֽל־ אַל ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=2KI_18:31!1|MId=o120180310011|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 2 תִּשְׁמְע֖וּ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=listen|Ref=2KI_18:31!2|MId=o120180310021|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:120180260021;120180260052;120180260062;120180270162;|Type=jussive 3 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_18:31!3|MId=o120180310031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 4 חִזְקִיָּ֑הוּ חִזְקִיָּהוּ PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Hezekiah|Ref=2KI_18:31!4|MId=o120180310041|Strong=2396a 5 כִּי֩ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2KI_18:31!5|MId=o120180310051|Strong=3588 6 כֹ֨ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=2KI_18:31!6|MId=o120180310061|Strong=3541 7 אָמַ֜ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=2KI_18:31!7|MId=o120180310071|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:120180310081;|Type=qatal 8 מֶ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=2KI_18:31!8|MId=o120180310081|Strong=4428 9 אַשּׁ֗וּר אַשּׁוּר PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Assyria|Ref=2KI_18:31!9|MId=o120180310091|Strong=0804 10 עֲשֽׂוּ־ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 7 ccomp _ Gloss=make|Ref=2KI_18:31!10|MId=o120180310101|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:120180260021;120180260052;120180260062;120180270162;A1:120180310121;|Type=imperative|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 אִתִּ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2KI_18:31!11|MId=o120180310111|Strong=0854 12 ִ֤י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=2KI_18:31!11|MId=o120180310112|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 13 בְרָכָה֙ בְּרָכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=a.blessing|Ref=2KI_18:31!12|MId=o120180310121|Strong=1293 14-15 וּצְא֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_18:31!13|MId=o120180310131|Strong=2050b 15 צְא֣וּ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 10 conj _ Gloss=come.out|Ref=2KI_18:31!13|MId=o120180310132|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:120180260021;120180260052;120180260062;120180270162;|Type=imperative 16-17 אֵלַ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 אֵל אֶל ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_18:31!14|MId=o120180310141|Strong=0413 17 ַ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=2KI_18:31!14|MId=o120180310142|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 18-19 וְאִכְל֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_18:31!15|MId=o120180310151|Strong=2050b 19 אִכְל֤וּ אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 10 conj _ Gloss=eat|Ref=2KI_18:31!15|MId=o120180310152|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:120180260021;120180260052;120180260062;120180270162;A1:120180310171;120180310191;|Type=imperative 20 אִישׁ־ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=everyone|Ref=2KI_18:31!16|MId=o120180310161|Strong=0376|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 גַּפְנוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 גַּפְנ גֶּפֶן NOUN _ Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=vine|Ref=2KI_18:31!17|MId=o120180310171|Strong=1612 22 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his.own|Ref=2KI_18:31!17|MId=o120180310172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23-24 וְאִ֣ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_18:31!18|MId=o120180310181|Strong=2050b 24 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 conj _ Gloss=everyone|Ref=2KI_18:31!18|MId=o120180310182|Strong=0376 25-26 תְּאֵֽנָת֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 תְּאֵֽנָת תְּאֵנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 obj _ Gloss=fig.tree|Ref=2KI_18:31!19|MId=o120180310191|Strong=8384 26 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his.own|Ref=2KI_18:31!19|MId=o120180310192|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 27-28 וּשְׁת֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_18:31!20|MId=o120180310201|Strong=2050b 28 שְׁת֖וּ שָׁתָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 19 conj _ Gloss=drink|Ref=2KI_18:31!20|MId=o120180310202|Strong=8354|Frame=A0:120180260021;120180260052;120180260062;120180270162;A1:120180310221;|Type=imperative 29 אִ֥ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 obl _ Gloss=everyone|Ref=2KI_18:31!21|MId=o120180310211|Strong=0376 30 מֵֽי־ מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 28 obj _ Gloss=the.water|Ref=2KI_18:31!22|MId=o120180310221|Strong=4325|SpaceAfter=No 31-32 בוֹרֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 בוֹר בּוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.own.cistern|Ref=2KI_18:31!23|MId=o120180310231|Strong=0953 32 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2KI_18:31!23|MId=o120180310232|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=2KI_18:31!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · neg | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** תִּשְׁמְעוּ *listen* | jussive · qal | | | | | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | מֶלֶךְ *the king* | | | | | עֲשֽׂוּ־ *make* | imperative · qal | | בְרָכָה *a blessing* | | | | צְאוּ *come out* | imperative · qal | | | | | | אִכְלוּ *eat* | imperative · qal | | גַּפְנ *vine* + תְּאֵֽנָת *fig tree* | | | | שְׁתוּ *drink* | imperative · qal | | מֵֽי־ *the water* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} לָא תְקַבְּלוּן מִן חִזְקִיָה אֲרֵי כִדְנַן אֲמַר מַלְכָּא דְאַתּוּר עֱבִידוּ עִמִי שְׁלָמָא וּפוּקוּ לְוָתִי וֶאֱכַלוּ גְבַר פֵּרֵי גוּפְנֵיהּ וּגְבַר פֵּרֵי תֵינוֹהִי וּשְׁתוֹ גְבַר מֵי גוּבֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Hearken not to Hezekiah; for thus saith the king of Assyria: Make your peace with me, and come out to me; and eat ye every one of his vine, and every one of his fig-tree, and drink ye every one the waters of his own cistern;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.584/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2KI:521`. - ← previous: [2 Kings 18:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.18.30/) - next →: [2 Kings 18:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.18.32/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/18/)