--- title: 2 Kings 18:4 — He removed the high places, and broke the pillars, and cut down the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: He removed the high places, and broke the pillars, and cut down the Asherah; and he broke in pieces the brazen serpent that Moses had made; for unto those days the children of Israel did offer to it; and it was called Nehushtan. Who acts: Hezekiah, Moses, children. 2 Kings 18:4 in Hebrew with its de --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.18.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/18/) / 18:4 # 2 Kings 18:4 מְלָכִים ב **Who acts:** Hezekiah, Moses, children · **What happens:** remove, break, cut down, make, offer, call · **To what, where:** high places, pillars, Asherah, brazen serpent, pieces, serpent · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Kings 18:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Hezekiah, Moses, children — and what happens in the verse to high places, pillars, Asherah, brazen serpent, pieces, serpent, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. ה֣וּא ׀ הֵסִ֣יר אֶת־הַבָּמ֗וֹת וְשִׁבַּר֙ אֶת־הַמַּצֵּבֹ֔ת וְכָרַ֖ת אֶת־הָֽאֲשֵׁרָ֑ה וְכִתַּת֩ נְחַ֨שׁ הַנְּחֹ֜שֶׁת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה מֹשֶׁ֗ה כִּ֣י עַד־הַיָּמִ֤ים הָהֵ֙מָּה֙ הָי֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מְקַטְּרִ֣ים ל֔וֹ וַיִּקְרָא־ל֖וֹ נְחֻשְׁתָּֽן׃ [He removed the high places, and broke the pillars, and cut down the Asherah; and he broke in pieces the brazen serpent that Moses had made; for unto those days the children of Israel did offer to it; and it was called Nehushtan.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.553/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2KI:494 # text = ה֣וּא ׀ הֵסִ֣יר אֶת־הַבָּמ֗וֹת וְשִׁבַּר֙ אֶת־הַמַּצֵּבֹ֔ת וְכָרַ֖ת אֶת־הָֽאֲשֵׁרָ֑ה וְכִתַּת֩ נְחַ֨שׁ הַנְּחֹ֜שֶׁת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה מֹשֶׁ֗ה כִּ֣י עַד־הַיָּמִ֤ים הָהֵ֙מָּה֙ הָי֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מְקַטְּרִ֣ים ל֔וֹ וַיִּקְרָא־ל֖וֹ נְחֻשְׁתָּֽן׃ # verse = 2KI.18.4 1 ה֣וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=2KI_18:4!1|MId=o120180040011|Strong=1931|Type=personal 2 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ Ref=2KI_18:4!1 3 הֵסִ֣יר סוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.removed|Ref=2KI_18:4!2|MId=o120180040021|Strong=5493|Frame=AA:120180040011;A0:120180040042;|Type=qatal 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_18:4!3|MId=o120180040031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הַבָּמ֗וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the.high|Ref=2KI_18:4!4|MId=o120180040041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 בָּמ֗וֹת בָּמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 3 obj _ Gloss=places|Ref=2KI_18:4!4|MId=o120180040042|Strong=1116 7-8 וְשִׁבַּר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_18:4!5|MId=o120180040051|Strong=2050b 8 שִׁבַּר֙ שָׁבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.broke|Ref=2KI_18:4!5|MId=o120180040052|Strong=7665|Frame=A0:120180010101;A1:120180040072;|Type=qatal 9 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_18:4!6|MId=o120180040061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 הַמַּצֵּבֹ֔ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the.sacred|Ref=2KI_18:4!7|MId=o120180040071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 מַּצֵּבֹ֔ת מַצֵּבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 8 obj _ Gloss=pillars|Ref=2KI_18:4!7|MId=o120180040072|Strong=4676 12-13 וְכָרַ֖ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_18:4!8|MId=o120180040081|Strong=2050b 13 כָרַ֖ת כָּרַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.cut.down|Ref=2KI_18:4!8|MId=o120180040082|Strong=3772|Frame=A0:120180010101;A1:120180040102;|Type=qatal 14 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_18:4!9|MId=o120180040091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 הָֽאֲשֵׁרָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the.Asherah|Ref=2KI_18:4!10|MId=o120180040101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 אֲשֵׁרָ֑ה אֲשֵׁרָה PROPN _ _ 13 obj _ Gloss=pole|Ref=2KI_18:4!10|MId=o120180040102|Strong=0842 17-18 וְכִתַּת֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_18:4!11|MId=o120180040111|Strong=2050b 18 כִתַּת֩ כָּתַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.crushed.to.pieces|Ref=2KI_18:4!11|MId=o120180040112|Strong=3807|Frame=A0:120180010101;A1:120180040121;|Type=qatal 19 נְחַ֨שׁ נָחָשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obj _ Gloss=the.snake|Ref=2KI_18:4!12|MId=o120180040121|Strong=5175 20-21 הַנְּחֹ֜שֶׁת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=2KI_18:4!13|MId=o120180040131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 נְּחֹ֜שֶׁת נְחֹשֶׁת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=bronze|Ref=2KI_18:4!13|MId=o120180040132|Strong=5178 22 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2KI_18:4!14|MId=o120180040141|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 23 עָשָׂ֣ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 19 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.made|Ref=2KI_18:4!15|MId=o120180040151|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:120180040161;A1:120180040121;|Type=qatal 24 מֹשֶׁ֗ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 23 nsubj _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=2KI_18:4!16|MId=o120180040161|Strong=4872 25 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 34 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2KI_18:4!17|MId=o120180040171|Strong=3588 26 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=2KI_18:4!18|MId=o120180040181|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 27-28 הַיָּמִ֤ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_18:4!19|MId=o120180040191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 יָּמִ֤ים יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 34 obl _ Gloss=days|Ref=2KI_18:4!19|MId=o120180040192|Strong=3117 29-30 הָהֵ֙מָּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2KI_18:4!20|MId=o120180040201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 הֵ֙מָּה֙ הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 det _ Gloss=those|Ref=2KI_18:4!20|MId=o120180040202|Strong=1992|Type=personal 31 הָי֤וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 34 cop _ Gloss=they.were|Ref=2KI_18:4!21|MId=o120180040211|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:120180040221;|Type=qatal 32 בְנֵֽי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 34 nsubj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=2KI_18:4!22|MId=o120180040221|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 33 יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=2KI_18:4!23|MId=o120180040231|Strong=3478 34 מְקַטְּרִ֣ים קָטַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur 3 advcl _ Gloss=making.smoke|Ref=2KI_18:4!24|MId=o120180040241|Strong=6999|Frame=A0:120180040221;|Type=participle_active 35-36 ל֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 ל לְ ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_18:4!25|MId=o120180040251|Strong=3807a 36 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=2KI_18:4!25|MId=o120180040252|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 37-38 וַיִּקְרָא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_18:4!26|MId=o120180040261|Strong=2050b 38 יִּקְרָא־ קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=someone.had.called|Ref=2KI_18:4!26|MId=o120180040262|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:;A1:120180040281;|Type=wayyiqtol 39-40 ל֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 ל לְ ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=2KI_18:4!27|MId=o120180040271|Strong=3807a 40 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=2KI_18:4!27|MId=o120180040272|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 41 נְחֻשְׁתָּֽן נְחֻשְׁתָּן PROPN _ _ 38 obj _ Gloss=Nehushtan|Ref=2KI_18:4!28|MId=o120180040281|Strong=5180|SpaceAfter=No 42 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=2KI_18:4!28 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הֵסִיר *he removed* | qatal · hiphil | בָּמוֹת *places* | | | הוּא *he* | | שִׁבַּר *he broke* | qatal · piel | | מַּצֵּבֹת *pillars* | | | | כָרַת *he cut down* | qatal · qal | | אֲשֵׁרָה *pole* | | | | כִתַּת *he crushed to pieces* | qatal · piel | | נְחַשׁ *the snake* | | | | עָשָׂה *he had made* | qatal · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | נְחַשׁ *the snake* | | | | הָיוּ *they were* | qatal · qal | בְנֵֽי־ *the people* | | | | | מְקַטְּרִים *making smoke* | participle active · piel | בְנֵֽי־ *the people* | | | | | יִּקְרָא־ *someone had called* | wayyiqtol · qal | | נְחֻשְׁתָּֽן *Nehushtan* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} הוּא אַעֲדֵי יַת בָּמָתָא וּתְבַר יַת קָמָתָא וְקָץ יַת אֲשֵׁירָתָא וּפְסֵיק יַת חִוְיָא דִנְחָשָׁא דַעֲבַד מֹשֶׁה אֲרֵי עַד יוֹמַיָא הָאִינוּן הֲווֹ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מַסְקִין בּוֹסְמִין לֵיהּ וַהֲווֹ קָרָן לֵיהּ נְחוּשְׁתָּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [He removed the high places, and broke the pillars, and cut down the Asherah; and he broke in pieces the brazen serpent that Moses had made; for unto those days the children of Israel did offer to it; and it was called Nehushtan.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.553/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2KI:494`. - ← previous: [2 Kings 18:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.18.3/) - next →: [2 Kings 18:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.18.5/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/18/)