--- title: 2 Kings 19:25 — Hast thou not heard? long ago I made it, in ancient times I fashione… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Hast thou not heard? long ago I made it, in ancient times I fashioned it; now have I brought it to pass, yea, it is done; that fortified cities should be laid waste into ruinous heaps. Who acts: thou, I. 2 Kings 19:25 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.19.25/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/19/) / 19:25 # 2 Kings 19:25 מְלָכִים ב **Who acts:** thou, I · **What happens:** not hear, make, fashion, bring, pass, do · **To what, where:** sole, fortified cities, ruinous heaps This is 2 Kings 19:25 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou, I — and what happens in the verse to sole, fortified cities, ruinous heaps, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הֲלֹֽא־שָׁמַ֤עְתָּ לְמֵֽרָחוֹק֙ אֹתָ֣הּ עָשִׂ֔יתִי לְמִ֥ימֵי קֶ֖דֶם וִֽיצַרְתִּ֑יהָ עַתָּ֣ה הֲבֵיאתִ֗יהָ וּתְהִ֗י לַהְשׁ֛וֹת גַּלִּ֥ים נִצִּ֖ים עָרִ֥ים בְּצֻרֽוֹת׃ [Hast thou not heard? long ago I made it, in ancient times I fashioned it; now have I brought it to pass, yea, it is done; that fortified cities should be laid waste into ruinous heaps.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.616/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2KI:552 # text = הֲלֹֽא־שָׁמַ֤עְתָּ לְמֵֽרָחוֹק֙ אֹתָ֣הּ עָשִׂ֔יתִי לְמִ֥ימֵי קֶ֖דֶם וִֽיצַרְתִּ֑יהָ עַתָּ֣ה הֲבֵיאתִ֗יהָ וּתְהִ֗י לַהְשׁ֛וֹת גַּלִּ֥ים נִצִּ֖ים עָרִ֥ים בְּצֻרֽוֹת׃ # verse = 2KI.19.25 1-2 הֲלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=2KI_19:25!1|MId=o120190250011|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 2 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2KI_19:25!1|MId=o120190250012|Strong=3808|Type=negative 3 שָׁמַ֤עְתָּ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=have.you.heard|Ref=2KI_19:25!2|MId=o120190250021|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:120190200171;|Type=qatal 4-6 לְמֵֽרָחוֹק֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(to).from|Ref=2KI_19:25!3|MId=o120190250031|Strong=3807a 5 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=distant|Ref=2KI_19:25!3|MId=o120190250032|Strong=4480 6 רָחוֹק֙ רָחֹוק ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=[time]|Ref=2KI_19:25!3|MId=o120190250033|Strong=7350|Type=adjective 7-8 אֹתָ֣הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=|Ref=2KI_19:25!4|MId=o120190250041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 8 ָ֣הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obj _ Gloss=it|Ref=2KI_19:25!4|MId=o120190250042|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 9 עָשִׂ֔יתִי עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 parataxis _ Gloss=I.appointed|Ref=2KI_19:25!5|MId=o120190250051|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:120190230041;A1:120190250042;|Type=qatal 10-12 לְמִ֥ימֵי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=2KI_19:25!6|MId=o120190250061|Strong=3807a 11 מִ֥ מִן ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2KI_19:25!6|MId=o120190250062|Strong=4480 12 ימֵי יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 dislocated _ Gloss=days|Ref=2KI_19:25!6|MId=o120190250063|Strong=3117 13 קֶ֖דֶם קֶדֶם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.antiquity|Ref=2KI_19:25!7|MId=o120190250071|Strong=6924 14-16 וִֽיצַרְתִּ֑יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וִֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_19:25!8|MId=o120190250081|Strong=2050b 15 יצַרְתִּ֑י יָצַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 parataxis _ Gloss=I|Ref=2KI_19:25!8|MId=o120190250082|Strong=3335|Frame=A0:120190230041;A1:120190250083;|Type=qatal 16 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obj _ Gloss=planned.it|Ref=2KI_19:25!8|MId=o120190250083|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 17 עַתָּ֣ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=now|Ref=2KI_19:25!9|MId=o120190250091|Strong=6258 18-19 הֲבֵיאתִ֗יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הֲבֵיאתִ֗י בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 parataxis _ Gloss=I|Ref=2KI_19:25!10|MId=o120190250101|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:120190230041;A0:120190250102;|Type=qatal 19 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obj _ Gloss=have.brought.it|Ref=2KI_19:25!10|MId=o120190250102|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 20-21 וּתְהִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_19:25!11|MId=o120190250111|Strong=2050b 21 תְהִ֗י הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 23 cop _ Gloss=you.are|Ref=2KI_19:25!11|MId=o120190250112|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:120190200171;|Type=yiqtol 22-23 לַהְשׁ֛וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=[about].to|Ref=2KI_19:25!12|MId=o120190250121|Strong=3807a 23 הְשׁ֛וֹת שָׁאָה VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 3 conj _ Gloss=make.desolate|Ref=2KI_19:25!12|MId=o120190250122|Strong=7582|Frame=AA:120190200171;A0:120190250151;|Type=infinitive_construct 24 גַּלִּ֥ים גַּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 xcomp _ Gloss=heaps|Ref=2KI_19:25!13|MId=o120190250131|Strong=1530 25 נִצִּ֖ים נָצָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 24 nmod _ Gloss=ruined|Ref=2KI_19:25!14|MId=o120190250141|Strong=5327a|Frame=A1:120190250131;|Type=participle_active 26 עָרִ֥ים עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 23 obj _ Gloss=cities|Ref=2KI_19:25!15|MId=o120190250151|Strong=5892 27 בְּצֻרֽוֹת בָּצוּר ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 26 amod _ Gloss=fortified|Ref=2KI_19:25!16|MId=o120190250161|Strong=1208|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=2KI_19:25!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** שָׁמַעְתָּ *have you heard* | qatal · qal | | | | | | עָשִׂיתִי *I appointed* | qatal · qal | | ָהּ *it* | | | | יצַרְתִּי *I* | qatal · qal | | הָ *planned it* | | | | הֲבֵיאתִי *I* | qatal · hiphil | הָ *have brought it* | | | | | תְהִי *you are* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | הְשׁוֹת *make desolate* | infinitive construct · hiphil | עָרִים *cities* | | | | | נִצִּים *ruined* | participle active · niphal | | גַּלִּים *heaps* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} הֲלֹא שְׁמַעְתָּא מִלְקַדְמִין מַה דַעֲבַדֵית לְפַרְעֹה מַלְכָּא דְמִצְרַיִם הֲלָא עַל דְשַׁלִיט בְּהוֹן וְאַף עֲלָךְ אִתְנַבִּיאוּ נְבִיֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְלָא תַבְתָּא וְדָא חַזְיָא קֳדָמַי מִיוֹמֵי קֶדֶם לְמֶעְבַּד לָךְ אַף אַתְקֵינְתָא כְּעַן אַיְתֵיתָהּ וְדָא הֲוַת לָךְ לְתַקָלָא עַל דַהֲוָאָה קֳדָמָךְ כְּאִתְרְגוּשַׁת גַלִין דְיִשְׁחוּ קִירְוִין כְּרִיכַן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Hast thou not heard? long ago I made it, in ancient times I fashioned it; now have I brought it to pass, yea, it is done; that fortified cities should be laid waste into ruinous heaps.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.616/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2KI:552`. - ← previous: [2 Kings 19:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.19.24/) - next →: [2 Kings 19:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.19.26/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/19/)