--- title: 2 Kings 21:16 — Moreover Manasseh shed innocent blood very much, till he had filled… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Moreover Manasseh shed innocent blood very much, till he had filled Jerusalem from one end to another; beside his sin wherewith he made Judah to sin, in doing that which was evil in the sight of the LORD. Who acts: Manasseh, Judah. 2 Kings 21:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, J --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.21.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/21/) / 21:16 # 2 Kings 21:16 מְלָכִים ב **Who acts:** Manasseh, Judah · **What happens:** shed, fill, make, sin, do, be · **To what, where:** innocent blood, sin, Jerusalem, one end, Judah, that This is 2 Kings 21:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Manasseh, Judah — and what happens in the verse to innocent blood, sin, Jerusalem, one end, Judah, that, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְגַם֩ דָּ֨ם נָקִ֜י שָׁפַ֤ךְ מְנַשֶּׁה֙ הַרְבֵּ֣ה מְאֹ֔ד עַ֛ד אֲשֶׁר־מִלֵּ֥א אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם פֶּ֣ה לָפֶ֑ה לְבַ֤ד מֵֽחַטָּאתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶחֱטִ֣יא אֶת־יְהוּדָ֔ה לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ [Moreover Manasseh shed innocent blood very much, till he had filled Jerusalem from one end to another; beside his sin wherewith he made Judah to sin, in doing that which was evil in the sight of the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.667/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2KI:601 # text = וְגַם֩ דָּ֨ם נָקִ֜י שָׁפַ֤ךְ מְנַשֶּׁה֙ הַרְבֵּ֣ה מְאֹ֔ד עַ֛ד אֲשֶׁר־מִלֵּ֥א אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם פֶּ֣ה לָפֶ֑ה לְבַ֤ד מֵֽחַטָּאתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶחֱטִ֣יא אֶת־יְהוּדָ֔ה לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ # verse = 2KI.21.16 1-2 וְגַם֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_21:16!1|MId=o120210160011|Strong=2050b 2 גַם֩ גַּם ADV _ _ 5 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=2KI_21:16!1|MId=o120210160012|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 3 דָּ֨ם דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obj _ Gloss=blood|Ref=2KI_21:16!2|MId=o120210160021|Strong=1818 4 נָקִ֜י נָקִי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 amod _ Gloss=innocent|Ref=2KI_21:16!3|MId=o120210160031|Strong=5355|Type=adjective 5 שָׁפַ֤ךְ שָׁפַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.shed|Ref=2KI_21:16!4|MId=o120210160041|Strong=8210|Frame=A0:120210160051;A1:120210160021;|Type=qatal 6 מְנַשֶּׁה֙ מְנַשֶּׁה PROPN _ _ 5 nsubj _ Gloss=Manasseh|Ref=2KI_21:16!5|MId=o120210160051|Strong=4519 7 הַרְבֵּ֣ה רָבָה ADV _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 3 amod _ Gloss=much|Ref=2KI_21:16!6|MId=o120210160061|Strong=7235b|Type=infinitive_absolute 8 מְאֹ֔ד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ Gloss=very|Ref=2KI_21:16!7|MId=o120210160071|Strong=3966 9 עַ֛ד עַד ADP _ _ 5 parataxis _ Gloss=until|Ref=2KI_21:16!8|MId=o120210160081|Strong=5704 10 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=2KI_21:16!9|MId=o120210160091|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 11 מִלֵּ֥א מָלֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 9 parataxis _ Gloss=he.had.filled|Ref=2KI_21:16!10|MId=o120210160101|Strong=4390|Frame=A0:120210160051;A1:120210160121;|Type=qatal 12 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_21:16!11|MId=o120210160111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 13 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 11 obj _ Gloss=Jerusalem|Ref=2KI_21:16!12|MId=o120210160121|Strong=3389 14 פֶּ֣ה פֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=mouth|Ref=2KI_21:16!13|MId=o120210160131|Strong=6310 15-16 לָפֶ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_21:16!14|MId=o120210160141|Strong=3807a 16 פֶ֑ה פֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 nmod _ Gloss=mouth|Ref=2KI_21:16!14|MId=o120210160142|Strong=6310 17-18 לְבַ֤ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=apart|Ref=2KI_21:16!15|MId=o120210160151|Strong=3807a 18 בַ֤ד בַּד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 parataxis _ Gloss=|Ref=2KI_21:16!15|MId=o120210160152|Strong=0905 19-21 מֵֽחַטָּאתוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2KI_21:16!16|MId=o120210160161|Strong=4480 20 חַטָּאת חַטָּאת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 nmod _ Gloss=sin|Ref=2KI_21:16!16|MId=o120210160162|Strong=2403 21 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2KI_21:16!16|MId=o120210160163|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 22 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2KI_21:16!17|MId=o120210160171|Strong=0834|Type=relative 23 הֶחֱטִ֣יא חָטָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 20 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.caused.to.sin|Ref=2KI_21:16!18|MId=o120210160181|Strong=2398|Frame=AA:120210160051;A0:120210160201;A1:120210160162;|Type=qatal 24 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_21:16!19|MId=o120210160191|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 25 יְהוּדָ֔ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 23 obj _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=2KI_21:16!20|MId=o120210160201|Strong=3063 26-27 לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_21:16!21|MId=o120210160211|Strong=3807a 27 עֲשׂ֥וֹת עָשָׂה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 23 advcl _ Gloss=do|Ref=2KI_21:16!21|MId=o120210160212|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:120210160201;A1:120210160222;|Type=infinitive_construct 28-29 הָרַ֖ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_21:16!22|MId=o120210160221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 רַ֖ע רַע ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 obj _ Gloss=evil|Ref=2KI_21:16!22|MId=o120210160222|Strong=7451|Type=adjective 30-31 בְּעֵינֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2KI_21:16!23|MId=o120210160231|Strong=0871a 31 עֵינֵ֥י עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 29 nmod _ Gloss=the.eyes|Ref=2KI_21:16!23|MId=o120210160232|Strong=5869 32 יְהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=2KI_21:16!24|MId=o120210160241|Strong=3068|SpaceAfter=No 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=2KI_21:16!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׁפַךְ *he shed* | qatal · qal | מְנַשֶּׁה *Manasseh* | דָּם *blood* | | | | מִלֵּא *he had filled* | qatal · piel | מְנַשֶּׁה *Manasseh* | יְרוּשָׁלִַם *Jerusalem* | | | | הֶחֱטִיא *he caused to sin* | qatal · hiphil | יְהוּדָה *Judah* | חַטָּאת *sin* | | מְנַשֶּׁה *Manasseh* | | עֲשׂוֹת *do* | infinitive construct · qal | יְהוּדָה *Judah* | רַע *evil* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאַף דַם זַכַּאי דַאֲשַׁד מְנַשֶׁה סַגִי לַחֲדָא עַד דִי מַלֵא יַת יְרוּשְׁלֵם סֵיפָא בְּסֵיפָא בַּר מְחוֹבוֹהִי דְחַיֵב יַת דְבֵית יְהוּדָה לְמֶעְבַּד דְבִישׁ קֳדָם יְיָ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Moreover Manasseh shed innocent blood very much, till he had filled Jerusalem from one end to another; beside his sin wherewith he made Judah to sin, in doing that which was evil in the sight of the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.667/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2KI:601`. - ← previous: [2 Kings 21:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.21.15/) - next →: [2 Kings 21:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.21.17/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/21/)