--- title: 2 Kings 23:12 — And the altars that were on the roof of the upper chamber of Ahaz, w… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the altars that were on the roof of the upper chamber of Ahaz, which the kings of Judah had made, and the altars which Manasseh had made in the two courts of the house of the LORD, did the king break down, and beat them down from thence, and cast the dust of them into the brook Kidron. Who acts: --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.23.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/23/) / 23:12 # 2 Kings 23:12 מְלָכִים ב **Who acts:** altars, kings, Manasseh, king · **What happens:** be, make, break down, beat down, cast · **To what, where:** roof, Ahaz, altars, two courts, courts, dust This is 2 Kings 23:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — altars, kings, Manasseh, king — and what happens in the verse to roof, Ahaz, altars, two courts, courts, dust, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאֶֽת־הַֽמִּזְבְּח֡וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַגָּג֩ עֲלִיַּ֨ת אָחָ֜ז אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֣וּ ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה וְאֶת־הַֽמִּזְבְּחוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה בִּשְׁתֵּ֛י חַצְר֥וֹת בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה נָתַ֣ץ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיָּ֣רָץ מִשָּׁ֔ם וְהִשְׁלִ֥יךְ אֶת־עֲפָרָ֖ם אֶל־נַ֥חַל קִדְרֽוֹן׃ [And the altars that were on the roof of the upper chamber of Ahaz, which the kings of Judah had made, and the altars which Manasseh had made in the two courts of the house of the LORD, did the king break down, and beat them down from thence, and cast the dust of them into the brook Kidron.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.709/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2KI:643 # text = וְאֶֽת־הַֽמִּזְבְּח֡וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַגָּג֩ עֲלִיַּ֨ת אָחָ֜ז אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֣וּ ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה וְאֶת־הַֽמִּזְבְּחוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה בִּשְׁתֵּ֛י חַצְר֥וֹת בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה נָתַ֣ץ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיָּ֣רָץ מִשָּׁ֔ם וְהִשְׁלִ֥יךְ אֶת־עֲפָרָ֖ם אֶל־נַ֥חַל קִדְרֽוֹן׃ # verse = 2KI.23.12 1-2 וְאֶֽת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_23:12!1|MId=o120230120011|Strong=2050b 2 אֶֽת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_23:12!1|MId=o120230120012|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 3-4 הַֽמִּזְבְּח֡וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_23:12!2|MId=o120230120021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מִּזְבְּח֡וֹת מִזְבֵּחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 28 obj _ Gloss=altars|Ref=2KI_23:12!2|MId=o120230120022|Strong=4196 5 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2KI_23:12!3|MId=o120230120031|Strong=0834|Type=relative 6 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=[were].on|Ref=2KI_23:12!4|MId=o120230120041|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 הַגָּג֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_23:12!5|MId=o120230120051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 גָּג֩ גָּג NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=roof|Ref=2KI_23:12!5|MId=o120230120052|Strong=1406 9 עֲלִיַּ֨ת עֲלִיָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.upper.room|Ref=2KI_23:12!6|MId=o120230120061|Strong=5944 10 אָחָ֜ז אָחָז PROPN _ _ 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ahaz|Ref=2KI_23:12!7|MId=o120230120071|Strong=0271 11 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2KI_23:12!8|MId=o120230120081|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 12 עָשׂ֣וּ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.had.made|Ref=2KI_23:12!9|MId=o120230120091|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:120230120101;A1:120230120022;|Type=qatal 13 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 12 punct _ Ref=2KI_23:12!9 14 מַלְכֵ֣י מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ Gloss=the.kings|Ref=2KI_23:12!10|MId=o120230120101|Strong=4428 15 יְהוּדָ֗ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=2KI_23:12!11|MId=o120230120111|Strong=3063 16-17 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_23:12!12|MId=o120230120121|Strong=2050b 17 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_23:12!12|MId=o120230120122|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 18-19 הַֽמִּזְבְּחוֹת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_23:12!13|MId=o120230120131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 מִּזְבְּחוֹת֙ מִזְבֵּחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 conj _ Gloss=altars|Ref=2KI_23:12!13|MId=o120230120132|Strong=4196 20 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2KI_23:12!14|MId=o120230120141|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 21 עָשָׂ֣ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 19 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.made|Ref=2KI_23:12!15|MId=o120230120151|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:120230120161;A1:120230120132;|Type=qatal 22 מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה מְנַשֶּׁה PROPN _ _ 21 nsubj _ Gloss=Manasseh|Ref=2KI_23:12!16|MId=o120230120161|Strong=4519 23-24 בִּשְׁתֵּ֛י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2KI_23:12!17|MId=o120230120171|Strong=0871a 24 שְׁתֵּ֛י שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 25 nummod _ Gloss=the.two|Ref=2KI_23:12!17|MId=o120230120172|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 25 חַצְר֥וֹת חָצֵר NOUN _ Number=Plur 21 obl _ Gloss=the.courtyards|Ref=2KI_23:12!18|MId=o120230120181|Strong=2691 26 בֵּית־ בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.house|Ref=2KI_23:12!19|MId=o120230120191|Strong=1004|SpaceAfter=No 27 יְהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=2KI_23:12!20|MId=o120230120201|Strong=3068 28 נָתַ֣ץ נָתַץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.pulled.down|Ref=2KI_23:12!21|MId=o120230120211|Strong=5422|Frame=A1:120230120022;120230120132;A0:120230120222;|Type=qatal 29-30 הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_23:12!22|MId=o120230120221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 מֶּ֑לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=2KI_23:12!22|MId=o120230120222|Strong=4428 31-32 וַיָּ֣רָץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_23:12!23|MId=o120230120231|Strong=2050b 32 יָּ֣רָץ רצץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 28 conj _ Gloss=he.ran|Ref=2KI_23:12!23|MId=o120230120232|Strong=7323|Frame=A0:120230120222;A1:120230120022;120230120132;|Type=wayyiqtol 33-34 מִשָּׁ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2KI_23:12!24|MId=o120230120241|Strong=4480 34 שָּׁ֔ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 32 obl _ Gloss=there|Ref=2KI_23:12!24|MId=o120230120242|Strong=8033 35-36 וְהִשְׁלִ֥יךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_23:12!25|MId=o120230120251|Strong=2050b 36 הִשְׁלִ֥יךְ שָׁלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 28 conj _ Gloss=he.threw|Ref=2KI_23:12!25|MId=o120230120252|Strong=7993|Frame=AA:120230120222;A0:120230120271;|Type=qatal 37 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_23:12!26|MId=o120230120261|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 38-39 עֲפָרָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 עֲפָר עָפָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 obj _ Gloss=dust|Ref=2KI_23:12!27|MId=o120230120271|Strong=6083 39 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=2KI_23:12!27|MId=o120230120272|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 40 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=2KI_23:12!28|MId=o120230120281|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 41 נַ֥חַל נַחַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 obl _ Gloss=the.wadi|Ref=2KI_23:12!29|MId=o120230120291|Strong=5158 42 קִדְרֽוֹן קִדְרוֹן PROPN _ _ 41 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Kidron|Ref=2KI_23:12!30|MId=o120230120301|Strong=6939|SpaceAfter=No 43 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 42 punct _ Ref=2KI_23:12!30 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עָשׂוּ *they had made* | qatal · qal | מַלְכֵי *the kings* | מִּזְבְּחוֹת *altars* | | | | עָשָׂה *he had made* | qatal · qal | מְנַשֶּׁה *Manasseh* | מִּזְבְּחוֹת *altars* | | | | נָתַץ *he pulled down* | qatal · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | מִּזְבְּחוֹת *altars* + מִּזְבְּחוֹת *altars* | | | | יָּרָץ *he ran* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | מִּזְבְּחוֹת *altars* + מִּזְבְּחוֹת *altars* | | | | הִשְׁלִיךְ *he threw* | qatal · hiphil | עֲפָר *dust* | | | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְיַת אֱגוֹרַיָא דִי עַל אִגַר עִלִית אָחָז דַעֲבָדוּ מַלְכַיָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה וְיַת אֱגוֹרַיָא דַעֲבַד מְנַשֶׁה בְּתַרְתֵּין דָרַת בֵּית מַקְדְשָׁא דַייָ תְּרַע מַלְכָּא וְאַרְחֵיק מִתַּמָן וּרְמָא יַת עֲפַרְהוֹן לְנַחֲלָא דְקִדְרוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the altars that were on the roof of the upper chamber of Ahaz, which the kings of Judah had made, and the altars which Manasseh had made in the two courts of the house of the LORD, did the king break down, and beat them down from thence, and cast the dust of them into the brook Kidron.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.709/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2KI:643`. - ← previous: [2 Kings 23:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.23.11/) - next →: [2 Kings 23:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.23.13/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/23/)