--- title: 2 Kings 23:13 — And the high places that were before Jerusalem, which were on the ri… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the high places that were before Jerusalem, which were on the right hand of the mount of corruption, which Solomon the king of Israel had builded for Ashtoreth the detestation of the Zidonians, and for Chemosh the detestation of Moab, and for Milcom the abomination of the children of Ammon, did --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.23.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/23/) / 23:13 # 2 Kings 23:13 מְלָכִים ב **Who acts:** high places, Solomon · **What happens:** be, build, defile, detest · **To what, where:** right hand, mount, Zidonians, Moab This is 2 Kings 23:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — high places, Solomon — and what happens in the verse to right hand, mount, Zidonians, Moab, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְֽאֶת־הַבָּמ֞וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם אֲשֶׁר֮ מִימִ֣ין לְהַר־הַמַּשְׁחִית֒ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּ֠נָה שְׁלֹמֹ֨ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל לְעַשְׁתֹּ֣רֶת ׀ שִׁקֻּ֣ץ צִידֹנִ֗ים וְלִכְמוֹשׁ֙ שִׁקֻּ֣ץ מוֹאָ֔ב וּלְמִלְכֹּ֖ם תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־עַמּ֑וֹן טִמֵּ֖א הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ [And the high places that were before Jerusalem, which were on the right hand of the mount of corruption, which Solomon the king of Israel had builded for Ashtoreth the detestation of the Zidonians, and for Chemosh the detestation of Moab, and for Milcom the abomination of the children of Ammon, did the king defile.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.710/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2KI:644 # text = וְֽאֶת־הַבָּמ֞וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם אֲשֶׁר֮ מִימִ֣ין לְהַר־הַמַּשְׁחִית֒ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּ֠נָה שְׁלֹמֹ֨ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל לְעַשְׁתֹּ֣רֶת ׀ שִׁקֻּ֣ץ צִידֹנִ֗ים וְלִכְמוֹשׁ֙ שִׁקֻּ֣ץ מוֹאָ֔ב וּלְמִלְכֹּ֖ם תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־עַמּ֑וֹן טִמֵּ֖א הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ # verse = 2KI.23.13 1-2 וְֽאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_23:13!1|MId=o120230130011|Strong=2050b 2 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_23:13!1|MId=o120230130012|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 3-4 הַבָּמ֞וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the.high|Ref=2KI_23:13!2|MId=o120230130021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 בָּמ֞וֹת בָּמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 38 obj _ Gloss=places|Ref=2KI_23:13!2|MId=o120230130022|Strong=1116 5 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2KI_23:13!3|MId=o120230130031|Strong=0834|Type=relative 6 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ Ref=2KI_23:13!3 7 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=[were].on|Ref=2KI_23:13!4|MId=o120230130041|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 8 פְּנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.face|Ref=2KI_23:13!5|MId=o120230130051|Strong=6440 9 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jerusalem|Ref=2KI_23:13!6|MId=o120230130061|Strong=3389 10 אֲשֶׁר֮ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2KI_23:13!7|MId=o120230130071|Strong=0834|Type=relative 11-12 מִימִ֣ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=[were].from.[the]|Ref=2KI_23:13!8|MId=o120230130081|Strong=4480 12 ימִ֣ין יָמִין NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=south|Ref=2KI_23:13!8|MId=o120230130082|Strong=3225 13-14 לְהַר־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=2KI_23:13!9|MId=o120230130091|Strong=3807a 14 הַר־ הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nmod _ Gloss=the.mountain|Ref=2KI_23:13!9|MId=o120230130092|Strong=2022 15-16 הַמַּשְׁחִית֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=2KI_23:13!10|MId=o120230130101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 מַּשְׁחִית֒ מַשְׁחִית NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=destruction|Ref=2KI_23:13!10|MId=o120230130102|Strong=4889 17 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2KI_23:13!11|MId=o120230130111|Strong=0834|Type=relative 18 בָּ֠נָה בָּנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.built|Ref=2KI_23:13!12|MId=o120230130121|Strong=1129|Frame=A0:120230130131;A1:120230130022;|Type=qatal 19 שְׁלֹמֹ֨ה שְׁלֹמֹה PROPN _ _ 18 nsubj _ Gloss=Solomon|Ref=2KI_23:13!13|MId=o120230130131|Strong=8010 20 מֶֽלֶךְ־ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 appos _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=2KI_23:13!14|MId=o120230130141|Strong=4428|SpaceAfter=No 21 יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=2KI_23:13!15|MId=o120230130151|Strong=3478 22-23 לְעַשְׁתֹּ֣רֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_23:13!16|MId=o120230130161|Strong=3807a 23 עַשְׁתֹּ֣רֶת עַשְׁתֹּרֶת PROPN _ _ 18 obl _ Gloss=Astarte|Ref=2KI_23:13!16|MId=o120230130162|Strong=6253 24 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=2KI_23:13!16 25 שִׁקֻּ֣ץ שִׁקּוּץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 appos _ Gloss=the.detestable.thing|Ref=2KI_23:13!17|MId=o120230130171|Strong=8251 26 צִידֹנִ֗ים צִידֹנִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].Sidonians|Ref=2KI_23:13!18|MId=o120230130181|Strong=6722|Type=gentilic 27-29 וְלִכְמוֹשׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_23:13!19|MId=o120230130191|Strong=2050b 28 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_23:13!19|MId=o120230130192|Strong=3807a 29 כְמוֹשׁ֙ כְּמוֹשׁ PROPN _ _ 23 conj _ Gloss=Chemosh|Ref=2KI_23:13!19|MId=o120230130193|Strong=3645 30 שִׁקֻּ֣ץ שִׁקּוּץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 appos _ Gloss=the.detestable.thing|Ref=2KI_23:13!20|MId=o120230130201|Strong=8251 31 מוֹאָ֔ב מוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 30 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Moab|Ref=2KI_23:13!21|MId=o120230130211|Strong=4124 32-34 וּלְמִלְכֹּ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_23:13!22|MId=o120230130221|Strong=2050b 33 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_23:13!22|MId=o120230130222|Strong=3807a 34 מִלְכֹּ֖ם מִלכֹּם PROPN _ _ 23 conj _ Gloss=Milcom|Ref=2KI_23:13!22|MId=o120230130223|Strong=4445a 35 תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת תּוֹעֵבַה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 34 appos _ Gloss=the.abomination|Ref=2KI_23:13!23|MId=o120230130231|Strong=8441 36 בְּנֵֽי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.people|Ref=2KI_23:13!24|MId=o120230130241|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 37 עַמּ֑וֹן עַמּוֹן PROPN _ _ 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ammon|Ref=2KI_23:13!25|MId=o120230130251|Strong=5983 38 טִמֵּ֖א טָמֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.made.unclean|Ref=2KI_23:13!26|MId=o120230130261|Strong=2930|Frame=A1:120230130022;A0:120230130272;|Type=qatal 39-40 הַמֶּֽלֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 40 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_23:13!27|MId=o120230130271|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 40 מֶּֽלֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=2KI_23:13!27|MId=o120230130272|Strong=4428 41 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 40 punct _ Ref=2KI_23:13!27 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | בָּנָה *he had built* | qatal · qal | שְׁלֹמֹה *Solomon* | בָּמוֹת *places* | | | | טִמֵּא *he made unclean* | qatal · piel | מֶּֽלֶךְ *king* | בָּמוֹת *places* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְיַת בָּמָתָא דִי עַל אַפֵּי יְרוּשְׁלֵם דְמִדָרוֹם לְטוּר זֵיתַיָא דִי בְנָא שְׁלֹמֹה מַלְכָּא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל לְעַשְׁתּוֹרֶת שִׁקֻץ צִידוֹנָאֵי וְלִכְמוֹשׁ שִׁקֻץ מוֹאֲבָאֵי וּלְמִלְכּוֹם רִיחוּק בְּנֵי עַמוֹן סָאֵיב מַלְכָּא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the high places that were before Jerusalem, which were on the right hand of the mount of corruption, which Solomon the king of Israel had builded for Ashtoreth the detestation of the Zidonians, and for Chemosh the detestation of Moab, and for Milcom the abomination of the children of Ammon, did the king defile.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.710/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2KI:644`. - ← previous: [2 Kings 23:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.23.12/) - next →: [2 Kings 23:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.23.14/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/23/)