--- title: 2 Kings 23:24 — Moreover them that divined by a ghost or a familiar spirit, and the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Moreover them that divined by a ghost or a familiar spirit, and the teraphim, and the idols, and all the detestable things that were spied in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, did Josiah put away, that he might confirm the words of the law which were written in the book that Hilkiah the priest fou --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.23.24/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/23/) / 23:24 # 2 Kings 23:24 מְלָכִים ב **Who acts:** women, Josiah, Hilkiah · **What happens:** divine, spy, put away, confirm, write, find · **To what, where:** detestable things, land, words, law, book, house This is 2 Kings 23:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — women, Josiah, Hilkiah — and what happens in the verse to detestable things, land, words, law, book, house, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְגַ֣ם אֶת־הָאֹב֣וֹת וְאֶת־הַ֠יִּדְּעֹנִים וְאֶת־הַתְּרָפִ֨ים וְאֶת־הַגִּלֻּלִ֜ים וְאֵ֣ת כָּל־הַשִּׁקֻּצִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִרְאוּ֙ בְּאֶ֤רֶץ יְהוּדָה֙ וּבִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם בִּעֵ֖ר יֹֽאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ לְ֠מַעַן הָקִ֞ים אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֤י הַתּוֹרָה֙ הַכְּתֻבִ֣ים עַל־הַסֵּ֔פֶר אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָצָ֛א חִלְקִיָּ֥הוּ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ [Moreover them that divined by a ghost or a familiar spirit, and the teraphim, and the idols, and all the detestable things that were spied in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, did Josiah put away, that he might confirm the words of the law which were written in the book that Hilkiah the priest found in the house of the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.721/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2KI:655 # text = וְגַ֣ם אֶת־הָאֹב֣וֹת וְאֶת־הַ֠יִּדְּעֹנִים וְאֶת־הַתְּרָפִ֨ים וְאֶת־הַגִּלֻּלִ֜ים וְאֵ֣ת כָּל־הַשִּׁקֻּצִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִרְאוּ֙ בְּאֶ֤רֶץ יְהוּדָה֙ וּבִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם בִּעֵ֖ר יֹֽאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ לְ֠מַעַן הָקִ֞ים אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֤י הַתּוֹרָה֙ הַכְּתֻבִ֣ים עַל־הַסֵּ֔פֶר אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָצָ֛א חִלְקִיָּ֥הוּ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ # verse = 2KI.23.24 1-2 וְגַ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_23:24!1|MId=o120230240011|Strong=2050b 2 גַ֣ם גַּם ADV _ _ 31 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=2KI_23:24!1|MId=o120230240012|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 3 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_23:24!2|MId=o120230240021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 הָאֹב֣וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_23:24!3|MId=o120230240031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 אֹב֣וֹת אוֹב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 31 obj _ Gloss=necromancers|Ref=2KI_23:24!3|MId=o120230240032|Strong=0178 6-7 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_23:24!4|MId=o120230240041|Strong=2050b 7 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_23:24!4|MId=o120230240042|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 8-9 הַ֠יִּדְּעֹנִים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ֠ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_23:24!5|MId=o120230240051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 יִּדְּעֹנִים יִדְּעֹנִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 conj _ Gloss=soothsayers|Ref=2KI_23:24!5|MId=o120230240052|Strong=3049 10-11 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_23:24!6|MId=o120230240061|Strong=2050b 11 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_23:24!6|MId=o120230240062|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 12-13 הַתְּרָפִ֨ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_23:24!7|MId=o120230240071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 תְּרָפִ֨ים תְּרָפִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 conj _ Gloss=teraphim|Ref=2KI_23:24!7|MId=o120230240072|Strong=8655 14-15 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_23:24!8|MId=o120230240081|Strong=2050b 15 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_23:24!8|MId=o120230240082|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 16-17 הַגִּלֻּלִ֜ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_23:24!9|MId=o120230240091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 גִּלֻּלִ֜ים גִּלּוּלִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 conj _ Gloss=idols|Ref=2KI_23:24!9|MId=o120230240092|Strong=1544 18-19 וְאֵ֣ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_23:24!10|MId=o120230240101|Strong=2050b 19 אֵ֣ת אֵת ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_23:24!10|MId=o120230240102|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 20 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2KI_23:24!11|MId=o120230240111|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 הַשִּׁקֻּצִ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the.detestable|Ref=2KI_23:24!12|MId=o120230240121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 שִּׁקֻּצִ֗ים שִׁקּוּץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=things|Ref=2KI_23:24!12|MId=o120230240122|Strong=8251 23 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2KI_23:24!13|MId=o120230240131|Strong=0834|Type=relative 24 נִרְאוּ֙ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.were.seen|Ref=2KI_23:24!14|MId=o120230240141|Strong=7200|Frame=A1:120230240032;120230240052;120230240072;120230240092;120230240122;|Type=qatal 25-26 בְּאֶ֤רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2KI_23:24!15|MId=o120230240151|Strong=0871a 26 אֶ֤רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=2KI_23:24!15|MId=o120230240152|Strong=0776 27 יְהוּדָה֙ יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=2KI_23:24!16|MId=o120230240161|Strong=3063 28-30 וּבִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_23:24!17|MId=o120230240171|Strong=2050b 29 בִ בְּ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2KI_23:24!17|MId=o120230240172|Strong=0871a 30 יר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 26 conj _ Gloss=Jerusalem|Ref=2KI_23:24!17|MId=o120230240173|Strong=3389 31 בִּעֵ֖ר בָּעַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.removed|Ref=2KI_23:24!18|MId=o120230240181|Strong=1197a|Frame=A1:120230240032;120230240052;120230240072;120230240092;120230240122;A0:120230240191;|Type=qatal 32 יֹֽאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ PROPN _ _ 31 nsubj _ Gloss=Josiah|Ref=2KI_23:24!19|MId=o120230240191|Strong=2977a 33 לְ֠מַעַן לְמַעַן SCONJ _ _ 34 mark _ Gloss=so.as|Ref=2KI_23:24!20|MId=o120230240201|Strong=4616 34 הָקִ֞ים קוּם VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 31 advcl _ Gloss=to.carry.out|Ref=2KI_23:24!21|MId=o120230240211|Strong=6965|Frame=AA:120230240191;A0:120230240231;|Type=infinitive_construct 35 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_23:24!22|MId=o120230240221|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 36 דִּבְרֵ֤י דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 34 obj _ Gloss=the.words|Ref=2KI_23:24!23|MId=o120230240231|Strong=1697 37-38 הַתּוֹרָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2KI_23:24!24|MId=o120230240241|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 תּוֹרָה֙ תּוֹרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.law|Ref=2KI_23:24!24|MId=o120230240242|Strong=8451 39-40 הַכְּתֻבִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 40 mark _ Gloss=[which|Ref=2KI_23:24!25|MId=o120230240251|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 40 כְּתֻבִ֣ים כָּתַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 36 appos _ Gloss=were].written|Ref=2KI_23:24!25|MId=o120230240252|Strong=3789|Frame=A1:120230240231;|Type=participle_passive 41 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2KI_23:24!26|MId=o120230240261|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 42-43 הַסֵּ֔פֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 43 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_23:24!27|MId=o120230240271|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 43 סֵּ֔פֶר סֵפֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 40 obl _ Gloss=scroll|Ref=2KI_23:24!27|MId=o120230240272|Strong=5612 44 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 45 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2KI_23:24!28|MId=o120230240281|Strong=0834|Type=relative 45 מָצָ֛א מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 43 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.found|Ref=2KI_23:24!29|MId=o120230240291|Strong=4672|Frame=A0:120230240301;A1:120230240272;|Type=qatal 46 חִלְקִיָּ֥הוּ חִלְקִיָּהוּ PROPN _ _ 45 nsubj _ Gloss=Hilkiah|Ref=2KI_23:24!30|MId=o120230240301|Strong=2518a 47-48 הַכֹּהֵ֖ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 48 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_23:24!31|MId=o120230240311|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 48 כֹּהֵ֖ן כֹּהֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 46 appos _ Gloss=priest|Ref=2KI_23:24!31|MId=o120230240312|Strong=3548 49 בֵּ֥ית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 45 obl _ Gloss=the.house|Ref=2KI_23:24!32|MId=o120230240321|Strong=1004 50 יְהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 49 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=2KI_23:24!33|MId=o120230240331|Strong=3068|SpaceAfter=No 51 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 50 punct _ Ref=2KI_23:24!33 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נִרְאוּ *they were seen* | qatal · niphal | | אֹבוֹת *necromancers* + יִּדְּעֹנִים *soothsayers* + תְּרָפִים *teraphim* + גִּלֻּלִים *idols* + שִּׁקֻּצִים *things* | | | | בִּעֵר *he removed* | qatal · piel | יֹֽאשִׁיָּהוּ *Josiah* | אֹבוֹת *necromancers* + יִּדְּעֹנִים *soothsayers* + תְּרָפִים *teraphim* + גִּלֻּלִים *idols* + שִּׁקֻּצִים *things* | | | | הָקִים *to carry out* | infinitive construct · hiphil | דִּבְרֵי *the words* | | | יֹֽאשִׁיָּהוּ *Josiah* | | כְּתֻבִים *were\] written* | participle passive · qal | | דִּבְרֵי *the words* | | | | מָצָא *he had found* | qatal · qal | חִלְקִיָּהוּ *Hilkiah* | סֵּפֶר *scroll* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאַף יַת בִּידִין וְיַת זְכוּרוּ וְיַת צַלְמָנַיָא וְיַת טַעֲוָתָא וְיַת כָּל שִׁקוּצַיָא דְאִתְחַזִיאוּ בְאַרְעָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה וּבִירוּשְׁלֵם פַּלֵי יֹאשִׁיָהוּ בְּדִיל לְקַיָמָא יַת פִּתְגָמֵי אוֹרַיְתָא דִכְתִיבִין עַל סִפְרָא דְאַשְׁכַּח חִלְקִיָה כַהֲנָא בְּבֵית מַקְדְשָׁא דַיָי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Moreover them that divined by a ghost or a familiar spirit, and the teraphim, and the idols, and all the detestable things that were spied in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, did Josiah put away, that he might confirm the words of the law which were written in the book that Hilkiah the priest found in the house of the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.721/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2KI:655`. - ← previous: [2 Kings 23:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.23.23/) - next →: [2 Kings 23:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.23.25/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/23/)