--- title: 2 Kings 23:3 — And the king stood on the platform, and made a covenant before the L… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the king stood on the platform, and made a covenant before the LORD, to walk after the LORD, and to keep His commandments, and His testimonies, and His statutes, with all his heart, and all his soul, to confirm the words of this covenant that were written in this book; and all the people stood t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.23.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/23/) / 23:3 # 2 Kings 23:3 מְלָכִים ב **Who acts:** king, people · **What happens:** stand, make, walk, keep, confirm, write · **To what, where:** platform, covenant, commandments, words, book · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Kings 23:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, people — and what happens in the verse to platform, covenant, commandments, words, book, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּעֲמֹ֣ד הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ עַֽל־הָ֨עַמּ֜וּד וַיִּכְרֹ֥ת אֶֽת־הַבְּרִ֣ית ׀ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה לָלֶ֜כֶת אַחַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ וְלִשְׁמֹ֨ר מִצְוֺתָ֜יו וְאֶת־עֵדְוֺתָ֤יו וְאֶת־חֻקֹּתָיו֙ בְּכָל־לֵ֣ב וּבְכָל־נֶ֔פֶשׁ לְהָקִ֗ים אֶת־דִּבְרֵי֙ הַבְּרִ֣ית הַזֹּ֔את הַכְּתֻבִ֖ים עַל־הַסֵּ֣פֶר הַזֶּ֑ה וַיַּעֲמֹ֥ד כָּל־הָעָ֖ם בַּבְּרִֽית׃ [And the king stood on the platform, and made a covenant before the LORD, to walk after the LORD, and to keep His commandments, and His testimonies, and His statutes, with all his heart, and all his soul, to confirm the words of this covenant that were written in this book; and all the people stood to the covenant.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.700/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2KI:634 # text = וַיַּעֲמֹ֣ד הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ עַֽל־הָ֨עַמּ֜וּד וַיִּכְרֹ֥ת אֶֽת־הַבְּרִ֣ית ׀ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה לָלֶ֜כֶת אַחַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ וְלִשְׁמֹ֨ר מִצְוֺתָ֜יו וְאֶת־עֵדְוֺתָ֤יו וְאֶת־חֻקֹּתָיו֙ בְּכָל־לֵ֣ב וּבְכָל־נֶ֔פֶשׁ לְהָקִ֗ים אֶת־דִּבְרֵי֙ הַבְּרִ֣ית הַזֹּ֔את הַכְּתֻבִ֖ים עַל־הַסֵּ֣פֶר הַזֶּ֑ה וַיַּעֲמֹ֥ד כָּל־הָעָ֖ם בַּבְּרִֽית׃ # verse = 2KI.23.3 1-2 וַיַּעֲמֹ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_23:3!1|MId=o120230030011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּעֲמֹ֣ד עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.stood|Ref=2KI_23:3!1|MId=o120230030012|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:120230030022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ֠ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_23:3!2|MId=o120230030021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מֶּלֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=2KI_23:3!2|MId=o120230030022|Strong=4428 5 עַֽל־ עַל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=2KI_23:3!3|MId=o120230030031|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 הָ֨עַמּ֜וּד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הָ֨ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_23:3!4|MId=o120230030041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 עַמּ֜וּד עַמּוּד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=pillar|Ref=2KI_23:3!4|MId=o120230030042|Strong=5982 8-9 וַיִּכְרֹ֥ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_23:3!5|MId=o120230030051|Strong=2050b 9 יִּכְרֹ֥ת כָּרַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.made|Ref=2KI_23:3!5|MId=o120230030052|Strong=3772|Frame=A0:120230030022;A1:120230030072;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 אֶֽת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_23:3!6|MId=o120230030061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 הַבְּרִ֣ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_23:3!7|MId=o120230030071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 בְּרִ֣ית בְּרִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=covenant|Ref=2KI_23:3!7|MId=o120230030072|Strong=1285 13 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 12 punct _ Ref=2KI_23:3!7 14-15 לִפְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=2KI_23:3!8|MId=o120230030081|Strong=3807a 15 פְנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 9 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=2KI_23:3!8|MId=o120230030082|Strong=6440 16 יְהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=2KI_23:3!9|MId=o120230030091|Strong=3068 17-18 לָלֶ֜כֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_23:3!10|MId=o120230030101|Strong=3807a 18 לֶ֜כֶת הלך VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 9 advcl _ Gloss=walk|Ref=2KI_23:3!10|MId=o120230030102|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:120230030022;|Type=infinitive_construct 19 אַחַ֤ר אַחַר ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=after|Ref=2KI_23:3!11|MId=o120230030111|Strong=0310 20 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 19 nmod _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=2KI_23:3!12|MId=o120230030121|Strong=3068 21-23 וְלִשְׁמֹ֨ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_23:3!13|MId=o120230030131|Strong=2050b 22 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_23:3!13|MId=o120230030132|Strong=3807a 23 שְׁמֹ֨ר שָׁמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 18 conj _ Gloss=keep|Ref=2KI_23:3!13|MId=o120230030133|Strong=8104|Frame=A0:120230030022;A1:120230030141;120230030161;120230030181;|Type=infinitive_construct 24-25 מִצְוֺתָ֜יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 מִצְוֺתָ֜י מִצְוָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 23 obj _ Gloss=commandments|Ref=2KI_23:3!14|MId=o120230030141|Strong=4687 25 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2KI_23:3!14|MId=o120230030142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26-27 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_23:3!15|MId=o120230030151|Strong=2050b 27 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_23:3!15|MId=o120230030152|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 28-29 עֵדְוֺתָ֤יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 עֵדְוֺתָ֤י עֵדוּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 24 conj _ Gloss=testimonies|Ref=2KI_23:3!16|MId=o120230030161|Strong=5715 29 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2KI_23:3!16|MId=o120230030162|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 30-31 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_23:3!17|MId=o120230030171|Strong=2050b 31 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_23:3!17|MId=o120230030172|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 32-33 חֻקֹּתָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 חֻקֹּתָי חֻקָּה NOUN _ Number=Plur 24 conj _ Gloss=statutes|Ref=2KI_23:3!18|MId=o120230030181|Strong=2708 33 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2KI_23:3!18|MId=o120230030182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 34-35 בְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2KI_23:3!19|MId=o120230030191|Strong=0871a 35 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=2KI_23:3!19|MId=o120230030192|Strong=3605 36 לֵ֣ב לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[the].heart|Ref=2KI_23:3!20|MId=o120230030201|Strong=3820 37-39 וּבְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_23:3!21|MId=o120230030211|Strong=2050b 38 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2KI_23:3!21|MId=o120230030212|Strong=0871a 39 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2KI_23:3!21|MId=o120230030213|Strong=3605 40 נֶ֔פֶשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 39 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[the].being|Ref=2KI_23:3!22|MId=o120230030221|Strong=5315 41-42 לְהָקִ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_23:3!23|MId=o120230030231|Strong=3807a 42 הָקִ֗ים קוּם VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 18 conj _ Gloss=establish|Ref=2KI_23:3!23|MId=o120230030232|Strong=6965|Frame=AA:120230030022;A0:120230030251;|Type=infinitive_construct 43 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 44 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_23:3!24|MId=o120230030241|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 44 דִּבְרֵי֙ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 42 obj _ Gloss=the.words|Ref=2KI_23:3!25|MId=o120230030251|Strong=1697 45-46 הַבְּרִ֣ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 46 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2KI_23:3!26|MId=o120230030261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 46 בְּרִ֣ית בְּרִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 44 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.covenant|Ref=2KI_23:3!26|MId=o120230030262|Strong=1285 47-48 הַזֹּ֔את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 48 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2KI_23:3!27|MId=o120230030271|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 48 זֹּ֔את זֹאת DET _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 46 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=2KI_23:3!27|MId=o120230030272|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 49-50 הַכְּתֻבִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 50 mark _ Gloss=[which|Ref=2KI_23:3!28|MId=o120230030281|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 50 כְּתֻבִ֖ים כָּתַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 44 appos _ Gloss=were].written|Ref=2KI_23:3!28|MId=o120230030282|Strong=3789|Frame=A1:120230030251;|Type=participle_passive 51 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 53 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2KI_23:3!29|MId=o120230030291|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 52-53 הַסֵּ֣פֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 53 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_23:3!30|MId=o120230030301|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 53 סֵּ֣פֶר סֵפֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 50 obl _ Gloss=scroll|Ref=2KI_23:3!30|MId=o120230030302|Strong=5612 54-55 הַזֶּ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 55 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2KI_23:3!31|MId=o120230030311|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 55 זֶּ֑ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 53 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=2KI_23:3!31|MId=o120230030312|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 56-57 וַיַּעֲמֹ֥ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 57 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_23:3!32|MId=o120230030321|Strong=2050b 57 יַּעֲמֹ֥ד עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.took.its.stand|Ref=2KI_23:3!32|MId=o120230030322|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:120230030342;|Type=wayyiqtol 58 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 57 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2KI_23:3!33|MId=o120230030331|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 59-60 הָעָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 60 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_23:3!34|MId=o120230030341|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 60 עָ֖ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 58 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=2KI_23:3!34|MId=o120230030342|Strong=5971 61-63 בַּבְּרִֽית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 63 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2KI_23:3!35|MId=o120230030351|Strong=0871a 62 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 63 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_23:3!35|MId=o120230030351ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 63 בְּרִֽית בְּרִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 57 obl _ Gloss=covenant|Ref=2KI_23:3!35|MId=o120230030352|Strong=1285 64 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 63 punct _ Ref=2KI_23:3!35 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעֲמֹד *he stood* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | יִּכְרֹת *he made* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | בְּרִית *covenant* | | | | לֶכֶת *walk* | infinitive construct · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | שְׁמֹר *keep* | infinitive construct · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | מִצְוֺתָי *commandments* + עֵדְוֺתָי *testimonies* + חֻקֹּתָי *statutes* | | | | הָקִים *establish* | infinitive construct · hiphil | דִּבְרֵי *the words* | | | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | כְּתֻבִים *were\] written* | participle passive · qal | | דִּבְרֵי *the words* | | | | יַּעֲמֹד *it took its stand* | wayyiqtol · qal | עָם *people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְקָם מַלְכָּא עַל אִסְטְוָנָא וּגְזַר יַת קְיָמָא קָדָם יְיָ לִמְהַךְ בָּתַר פּוּלְחָנָא דַייָ וּלְמִטַר פִּקוּדוֹהִי וְיַת סְהִידְוָתוֹהִי וְיַת קְיָמוֹהִי בְּכָל לִבָּא וּבְכָל נְפַשׁ לְקַיָמָא יַת פִּתְגָמֵי קְיָמָא הָדֵין דִכְתִיבִין עַל סִפְרָא הָדֵין וְקַבִּילוּ כָל עַמָא עֲלֵיהוֹן קְיָמָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the king stood on the platform, and made a covenant before the LORD, to walk after the LORD, and to keep His commandments, and His testimonies, and His statutes, with all his heart, and all his soul, to confirm the words of this covenant that were written in this book; and all the people stood to the covenant.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.700/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2KI:634`. - ← previous: [2 Kings 23:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.23.2/) - next →: [2 Kings 23:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.23.4/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/23/)