--- title: 2 Kings 24:4 — and also for the innocent blood that he shed; for he filled Jerusale… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and also for the innocent blood that he shed; for he filled Jerusalem with innocent blood; and the LORD would not pardon. Who acts: LORD. 2 Kings 24:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.24.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/24/) / 24:4 # 2 Kings 24:4 מְלָכִים ב **Who acts:** LORD · **What happens:** shed, fill, not pardon · **To what, where:** innocent blood, Jerusalem This is 2 Kings 24:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD — and what happens in the verse to innocent blood, Jerusalem, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְגַ֤ם דַּֽם־הַנָּקִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁפָ֔ךְ וַיְמַלֵּ֥א אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם דָּ֣ם נָקִ֑י וְלֹֽא־אָבָ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לִסְלֹֽחַ׃ [and also for the innocent blood that he shed; for he filled Jerusalem with innocent blood; and the LORD would not pardon.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.739/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2KI:672 # text = וְגַ֤ם דַּֽם־הַנָּקִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁפָ֔ךְ וַיְמַלֵּ֥א אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם דָּ֣ם נָקִ֑י וְלֹֽא־אָבָ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לִסְלֹֽחַ׃ # verse = 2KI.24.4 1-2 וְגַ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_24:4!1|MId=o120240040011|Strong=2050b 2 גַ֤ם גַּם ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=2KI_24:4!1|MId=o120240040012|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 3 דַּֽם־ דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 dislocated _ Gloss=the.blood|Ref=2KI_24:4!2|MId=o120240040021|Strong=1818|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 הַנָּקִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2KI_24:4!3|MId=o120240040031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 נָּקִי֙ נָקִי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.innocent|Ref=2KI_24:4!3|MId=o120240040032|Strong=5355|Type=adjective 6 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2KI_24:4!4|MId=o120240040041|Strong=0834|Type=relative 7 שָׁפָ֔ךְ שָׁפַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.shed|Ref=2KI_24:4!5|MId=o120240040051|Strong=8210|Frame=A0:120240030111;A1:120240040021;|Type=qatal 8-9 וַיְמַלֵּ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_24:4!6|MId=o120240040061|Strong=2050b 9 יְמַלֵּ֥א מָלֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.had.filled|Ref=2KI_24:4!6|MId=o120240040062|Strong=4390|Frame=A0:120240030111;A1:120240040081;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_24:4!7|MId=o120240040071|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 11 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 9 obj _ Gloss=Jerusalem|Ref=2KI_24:4!8|MId=o120240040081|Strong=3389 12 דָּ֣ם דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=blood|Ref=2KI_24:4!9|MId=o120240040091|Strong=1818 13 נָקִ֑י נָקִי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 amod _ Gloss=innocent|Ref=2KI_24:4!10|MId=o120240040101|Strong=5355|Type=adjective 14-15 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_24:4!11|MId=o120240040111|Strong=2050b 15 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2KI_24:4!11|MId=o120240040112|Strong=3808|Type=negative 16 אָבָ֥ה אָבָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 9 conj _ Gloss=he.was.willing|Ref=2KI_24:4!12|MId=o120240040121|Strong=0014|Frame=A0:120240040131;|Type=qatal 17 יְהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 16 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=2KI_24:4!13|MId=o120240040131|Strong=3068 18-19 לִסְלֹֽחַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_24:4!14|MId=o120240040141|Strong=3807a 19 סְלֹֽחַ סָלַח VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 16 xcomp _ Gloss=forgive|Ref=2KI_24:4!14|MId=o120240040142|Strong=5545|Frame=A0:120240040131;|Type=infinitive_construct 20 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 19 punct _ Ref=2KI_24:4!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׁפָךְ *he had shed* | qatal · qal | | דַּֽם־ *the blood* | | | | יְמַלֵּא *he had filled* | wayyiqtol · piel | | יְרוּשָׁלִַם *Jerusalem* | | | | **not** אָבָה *he was willing* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | סְלֹֽחַ *forgive* | infinitive construct · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאַף דַם זַכַּאי דַאֲשַׁד וּמְלֵא יַת יְרוּשְׁלֵם חוֹבַת דַם זַכַּאי הֲוַת רַעֲוָא קֳדָם יְיָ דְלָא לְמִשְׁבַּק: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and also for the innocent blood that he shed; for he filled Jerusalem with innocent blood; and the LORD would not pardon.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.739/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2KI:672`. - ← previous: [2 Kings 24:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.24.3/) - next →: [2 Kings 24:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.24.5/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/24/)