--- title: 2 Kings 25:23 — Now when all the captains of the forces, they and their men, heard t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now when all the captains of the forces, they and their men, heard that the king of Babylon had made Gedaliah governor, they came to Gedaliah to Mizpah, even Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and Johanan the son of Kareah, and Seraiah the son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite and Jaazaniah the son of the Ma --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.25.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/25/) / 25:23 # 2 Kings 25:23 מְלָכִים ב **Who acts:** captains, king, men · **What happens:** hear, make, come · **To what, where:** Gedaliah, Mizpah · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Kings 25:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — captains, king, men — and what happens in the verse to Gedaliah, Mizpah, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשְׁמְעוּ֩ כָל־שָׂרֵ֨י הַחֲיָלִ֜ים הֵ֣מָּה וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים כִּֽי־הִפְקִ֤יד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֙ אֶת־גְּדַלְיָ֔הוּ וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ אֶל־גְּדַלְיָ֖הוּ הַמִּצְפָּ֑ה וְיִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֡ה וְיוֹחָנָ֣ן בֶּן־קָ֠רֵחַ וּשְׂרָיָ֨ה בֶן־תַּנְחֻ֜מֶת הַנְּטֹפָתִ֗י וְיַֽאֲזַנְיָ֙הוּ֙ בֶּן־הַמַּ֣עֲכָתִ֔י הֵ֖מָּה וְאַנְשֵׁיהֶֽם׃ [Now when all the captains of the forces, they and their men, heard that the king of Babylon had made Gedaliah governor, they came to Gedaliah to Mizpah, even Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and Johanan the son of Kareah, and Seraiah the son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite and Jaazaniah the son of the Maacathite, they and their men.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.780/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2KI:711 # text = וַיִּשְׁמְעוּ֩ כָל־שָׂרֵ֨י הַחֲיָלִ֜ים הֵ֣מָּה וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים כִּֽי־הִפְקִ֤יד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֙ אֶת־גְּדַלְיָ֔הוּ וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ אֶל־גְּדַלְיָ֖הוּ הַמִּצְפָּ֑ה וְיִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֡ה וְיוֹחָנָ֣ן בֶּן־קָ֠רֵחַ וּשְׂרָיָ֨ה בֶן־תַּנְחֻ֜מֶת הַנְּטֹפָתִ֗י וְיַֽאֲזַנְיָ֙הוּ֙ בֶּן־הַמַּ֣עֲכָתִ֔י הֵ֖מָּה וְאַנְשֵׁיהֶֽם׃ # verse = 2KI.25.23 1-2 וַיִּשְׁמְעוּ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_25:23!1|MId=o120250230011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁמְעוּ֩ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.heard|Ref=2KI_25:23!1|MId=o120250230012|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:120250230031;120250230063;A1:120250230081;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2KI_25:23!2|MId=o120250230021|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 4 שָׂרֵ֨י שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.commanders|Ref=2KI_25:23!3|MId=o120250230031|Strong=8269 5-6 הַחֲיָלִ֜ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2KI_25:23!4|MId=o120250230041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 חֲיָלִ֜ים חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.armies|Ref=2KI_25:23!4|MId=o120250230042|Strong=2428 7 הֵ֣מָּה הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=they|Ref=2KI_25:23!5|MId=o120250230051|Strong=1992|Type=personal 8-10 וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_25:23!6|MId=o120250230061|Strong=2050b 9 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_25:23!6|MId=o120250230062|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 אֲנָשִׁ֗ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 conj _ Gloss=men|Ref=2KI_25:23!6|MId=o120250230063|Strong=0376 11 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=2KI_25:23!7|MId=o120250230071|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 12 הִפְקִ֤יד פָּקַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=he.had.appointed|Ref=2KI_25:23!8|MId=o120250230081|Strong=6485|Frame=AA:120250230091;A0:120250230121;|Type=qatal 13 מֶֽלֶךְ־ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=2KI_25:23!9|MId=o120250230091|Strong=4428|SpaceAfter=No 14 בָּבֶל֙ בָּבֶל PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Babylon|Ref=2KI_25:23!10|MId=o120250230101|Strong=0894 15 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_25:23!11|MId=o120250230111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 16 גְּדַלְיָ֔הוּ גְּדַלְיָהוּ PROPN _ _ 12 obj _ Gloss=Gedaliah|Ref=2KI_25:23!12|MId=o120250230121|Strong=1436a 17-18 וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_25:23!13|MId=o120250230131|Strong=2050b 18 יָּבֹ֥אוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.came|Ref=2KI_25:23!13|MId=o120250230132|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:120250230031;120250230063;|Type=wayyiqtol 19 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_25:23!14|MId=o120250230141|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 20 גְּדַלְיָ֖הוּ גְּדַלְיָהוּ PROPN _ _ 18 obl _ Gloss=Gedaliah|Ref=2KI_25:23!15|MId=o120250230151|Strong=1436a 21-22 הַמִּצְפָּ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2KI_25:23!16|MId=o120250230161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 מִּצְפָּ֑ה מִצְפָּה PROPN _ _ 18 obl _ Gloss=Mizpah|Ref=2KI_25:23!16|MId=o120250230162|Strong=4709 23-24 וְיִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_25:23!17|MId=o120250230171|Strong=2050b 24 יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל יִשְׁמָעֵאל PROPN _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=Ishmael|Ref=2KI_25:23!17|MId=o120250230172|Strong=3458 25 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=2KI_25:23!18|MId=o120250230181|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 26 נְתַנְיָ֡ה נְתַנְיָה PROPN _ _ 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Nethaniah|Ref=2KI_25:23!19|MId=o120250230191|Strong=5418 27-28 וְיוֹחָנָ֣ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_25:23!20|MId=o120250230201|Strong=2050b 28 יוֹחָנָ֣ן יוֹחָנָן PROPN _ _ 24 conj _ Gloss=Johanan|Ref=2KI_25:23!20|MId=o120250230202|Strong=3110 29 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=2KI_25:23!21|MId=o120250230211|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 30 קָ֠רֵחַ קָרֵחַ PROPN _ _ 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Kareah|Ref=2KI_25:23!22|MId=o120250230221|Strong=7143 31-32 וּשְׂרָיָ֨ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_25:23!23|MId=o120250230231|Strong=2050b 32 שְׂרָיָ֨ה שְׂרָיָה PROPN _ _ 24 conj _ Gloss=Seraiah|Ref=2KI_25:23!23|MId=o120250230232|Strong=8304 33 בֶן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=2KI_25:23!24|MId=o120250230241|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 34 תַּנְחֻ֜מֶת תַּנְחֻמֶת PROPN _ _ 33 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Tanhumeth|Ref=2KI_25:23!25|MId=o120250230251|Strong=8576 35-36 הַנְּטֹפָתִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 36 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_25:23!26|MId=o120250230261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 36 נְּטֹפָתִ֗י נְטֹופָתִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 appos _ Gloss=Netophathite|Ref=2KI_25:23!26|MId=o120250230262|Strong=5200|Type=gentilic 37-38 וְיַֽאֲזַנְיָ֙הוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_25:23!27|MId=o120250230271|Strong=2050b 38 יַֽאֲזַנְיָ֙הוּ֙ יַאֲזַנְיָהוּ PROPN _ _ 24 conj _ Gloss=Jaazaniah|Ref=2KI_25:23!27|MId=o120250230272|Strong=2970a 39 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=2KI_25:23!28|MId=o120250230281|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 40-41 הַמַּ֣עֲכָתִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 41 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2KI_25:23!29|MId=o120250230291|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 41 מַּ֣עֲכָתִ֔י מַעֲכָתִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Maacathite|Ref=2KI_25:23!29|MId=o120250230292|Strong=4602|Type=gentilic 42 הֵ֖מָּה הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=they|Ref=2KI_25:23!30|MId=o120250230301|Strong=1992|Type=personal 43-45 וְאַנְשֵׁיהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 44 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_25:23!31|MId=o120250230311|Strong=2050b 44 אַנְשֵׁי אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 conj _ Gloss=men|Ref=2KI_25:23!31|MId=o120250230312|Strong=0376 45 הֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=2KI_25:23!31|MId=o120250230313|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 46 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 45 punct _ Ref=2KI_25:23!31 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁמְעוּ *they heard* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׂרֵי *the commanders* + אֲנָשִׁים *men* | הִפְקִיד *he had appointed* | | | | הִפְקִיד *he had appointed* | qatal · hiphil | גְּדַלְיָהוּ *Gedaliah* | | | מֶֽלֶךְ־ *the king* | | יָּבֹאוּ *they came* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׂרֵי *the commanders* + אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁמָעוּ כָל רַבָּנֵי חֵילְוָתָא אִינוּן וְגַבְרֵיהוֹן אֲרֵי מַנֵי עֲלֵיהוֹן מַלְכָּא דְבָבֶל יַת גְדַלְיָה וַאֲתוֹ לְוַת גְדַלְיָה לְמִצְפְּיָא וְיִשְׁמָעֵאל בַּר נְתַנְיָה וְיוֹחָנָן בַּר קָרֵחַ וּשְׂרָיָה בַר תַּנְחֻמֶת דְמִנְטוֹפָה וְיַאֲזַנְיָה בַר מַעֲכָת אִינוּן וְגַבְרֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now when all the captains of the forces, they and their men, heard that the king of Babylon had made Gedaliah governor, they came to Gedaliah to Mizpah, even Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and Johanan the son of Kareah, and Seraiah the son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite and Jaazaniah the son of the Maacathite, they and their men.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.780/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2KI:711`. - ← previous: [2 Kings 25:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.25.22/) - next →: [2 Kings 25:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.25.24/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/25/)