--- title: 2 Kings 3:19 — And ye shall smite every fortified city, and every choice city, and… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And ye shall smite every fortified city, and every choice city, and shall fell every good tree, and stop all fountains of water, and mar every good piece of land with stones.' Who acts: ye. 2 Kings 3:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.3.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/3/) / 3:19 # 2 Kings 3:19 מְלָכִים ב **Who acts:** ye · **What happens:** smite, fortify, fell, stop, mar · **To what, where:** fortified city, good tree, fountains, good piece This is 2 Kings 3:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye — and what happens in the verse to fortified city, good tree, fountains, good piece, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהִכִּיתֶ֞ם כָּל־עִ֤יר מִבְצָר֙ וְכָל־עִ֣יר מִבְח֔וֹר וְכָל־עֵ֥ץ טוֹב֙ תַּפִּ֔ילוּ וְכָל־מַעְיְנֵי־מַ֖יִם תִּסְתֹּ֑מוּ וְכֹל֙ הַחֶלְקָ֣ה הַטּוֹבָ֔ה תַּכְאִ֖בוּ בָּאֲבָנִֽים׃ [And ye shall smite every fortified city, and every choice city, and shall fell every good tree, and stop all fountains of water, and mar every good piece of land with stones.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.67/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2KI:61 # text = וְהִכִּיתֶ֞ם כָּל־עִ֤יר מִבְצָר֙ וְכָל־עִ֣יר מִבְח֔וֹר וְכָל־עֵ֥ץ טוֹב֙ תַּפִּ֔ילוּ וְכָל־מַעְיְנֵי־מַ֖יִם תִּסְתֹּ֑מוּ וְכֹל֙ הַחֶלְקָ֣ה הַטּוֹבָ֔ה תַּכְאִ֖בוּ בָּאֲבָנִֽים׃ # verse = 2KI.3.19 1-2 וְהִכִּיתֶ֞ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_3:19!1|MId=o120030190011|Strong=2050b 2 הִכִּיתֶ֞ם נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.will.attack|Ref=2KI_3:19!1|MId=o120030190012|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:120030130181;120030120112;120030120122;A0:120030190031;120030190061;|Type=qatal 3 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=every|Ref=2KI_3:19!2|MId=o120030190021|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 4 עִ֤יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=city|Ref=2KI_3:19!3|MId=o120030190031|Strong=5892 5 מִבְצָר֙ מִבְצָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.fortification|Ref=2KI_3:19!4|MId=o120030190041|Strong=4013 6-7 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_3:19!5|MId=o120030190051|Strong=2050b 7 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=every|Ref=2KI_3:19!5|MId=o120030190052|Strong=3605 8 עִ֣יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=city|Ref=2KI_3:19!6|MId=o120030190061|Strong=5892 9 מִבְח֔וֹר מִבְחוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.choice|Ref=2KI_3:19!7|MId=o120030190071|Strong=4004 10-11 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_3:19!8|MId=o120030190081|Strong=2050b 11 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=every|Ref=2KI_3:19!8|MId=o120030190082|Strong=3605 12 עֵ֥ץ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=tree|Ref=2KI_3:19!9|MId=o120030190091|Strong=6086 13 טוֹב֙ טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 amod _ Gloss=good|Ref=2KI_3:19!10|MId=o120030190101|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 14 תַּפִּ֔ילוּ נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=you.will.make.fall|Ref=2KI_3:19!11|MId=o120030190111|Strong=5307|Frame=AA:120030130181;120030120112;120030120122;A0:120030190091;|Type=yiqtol 15-16 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_3:19!12|MId=o120030190121|Strong=2050b 16 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2KI_3:19!12|MId=o120030190122|Strong=3605 17 מַעְיְנֵי־ מַעְיָן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[the].springs|Ref=2KI_3:19!13|MId=o120030190131|Strong=4599|SpaceAfter=No 18 מַ֖יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.water|Ref=2KI_3:19!14|MId=o120030190141|Strong=4325 19 תִּסְתֹּ֑מוּ סָתַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=you.will.stop.up|Ref=2KI_3:19!15|MId=o120030190151|Strong=5640|Frame=A0:120030130181;120030120112;120030120122;A1:120030190131;|Type=yiqtol 20-21 וְכֹל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_3:19!16|MId=o120030190161|Strong=2050b 21 כֹל֙ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 obj _ Gloss=every|Ref=2KI_3:19!16|MId=o120030190162|Strong=3605 22-23 הַחֶלְקָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=(the).portion|Ref=2KI_3:19!17|MId=o120030190171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 חֶלְקָ֣ה חֶלְקָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.land|Ref=2KI_3:19!17|MId=o120030190172|Strong=2513 24-25 הַטּוֹבָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2KI_3:19!18|MId=o120030190181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 טּוֹבָ֔ה טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 amod _ Gloss=good|Ref=2KI_3:19!18|MId=o120030190182|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 26 תַּכְאִ֖בוּ כָּאַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=you.will.spoil|Ref=2KI_3:19!19|MId=o120030190191|Strong=3510|Frame=AA:120030130181;120030120112;120030120122;A0:120030190172;|Type=yiqtol 27-29 בָּאֲבָנִֽים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2KI_3:19!20|MId=o120030190201|Strong=0871a 28 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2KI_3:19!20|MId=o120030190201ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 אֲבָנִֽים אֶבֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 26 obl _ Gloss=stones|Ref=2KI_3:19!20|MId=o120030190202|Strong=0068 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=2KI_3:19!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הִכִּיתֶם *you will attack* | qatal · hiphil | עִיר *city* + עִיר *city* | | | | | תַּפִּילוּ *you will make fall* | yiqtol · hiphil | עֵץ *tree* | | | | | תִּסְתֹּמוּ *you will stop up* | yiqtol · qal | | מַעְיְנֵי־ *\[the\] springs* | | | | תַּכְאִבוּ *you will spoil* | yiqtol · hiphil | חֶלְקָה *of land* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְתִמְחוּן כָּל כְּרַךְ תַּקִיף וְכָל קִרְוִין כְּרִיכַן וְכָל אִילָן דְיָאֵי תְּעַקְרִין וְכָל מַבּוּעַי מַיָא תִּסְתְּמוּן וְכָל אַחֲסַנְתָּא שַׁפֶּרְתָּא תְטוּמוּן בְּאַבְנַיָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And ye shall smite every fortified city, and every choice city, and shall fell every good tree, and stop all fountains of water, and mar every good piece of land with stones.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.67/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2KI:61`. - ← previous: [2 Kings 3:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.3.18/) - next →: [2 Kings 3:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.3.20/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/3/)