--- title: 2 Kings 3:23 — and they said: 'This is blood: the kings have surely fought together… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and they said: 'This is blood: the kings have surely fought together, and they have smitten each man his fellow; now therefore, Moab, to the spoil.' Who acts: Moabites, This, kings. 2 Kings 3:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.3.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/3/) / 3:23 # 2 Kings 3:23 מְלָכִים ב **Who acts:** Moabites, This, kings · **What happens:** say, be, fight, smite · **To what, where:** blood, fellow, man · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Kings 3:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Moabites, This, kings — and what happens in the verse to blood, fellow, man, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ דָּ֣ם זֶ֔ה הָחֳרֵ֤ב נֶֽחֶרְבוּ֙ הַמְּלָכִ֔ים וַיַּכּ֖וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֑הוּ וְעַתָּ֥ה לַשָּׁלָ֖ל מוֹאָֽב׃ [and they said: 'This is blood: the kings have surely fought together, and they have smitten each man his fellow; now therefore, Moab, to the spoil.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.71/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2KI:65 # text = וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ דָּ֣ם זֶ֔ה הָחֳרֵ֤ב נֶֽחֶרְבוּ֙ הַמְּלָכִ֔ים וַיַּכּ֖וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֑הוּ וְעַתָּ֥ה לַשָּׁלָ֖ל מוֹאָֽב׃ # verse = 2KI.3.23 1-2 וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_3:23!1|MId=o120030230011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=2KI_3:23!1|MId=o120030230012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:120030220081;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּ֣ם דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=[is].blood|Ref=2KI_3:23!2|MId=o120030230021|Strong=1818 4 זֶ֔ה זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 nsubj _ Gloss=this|Ref=2KI_3:23!3|MId=o120030230031|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 5 הָחֳרֵ֤ב חָרַב VERB _ HebBinyan=HOPHAL 6 obl:npmod _ Gloss=surely.(fight)|Ref=2KI_3:23!4|MId=o120030230041|Strong=2717a|Type=infinitive_absolute 6 נֶֽחֶרְבוּ֙ חָרַב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=they.have.fought.one.another|Ref=2KI_3:23!5|MId=o120030230051|Strong=2717a|Frame=A0:120030230062;|Type=qatal 7-8 הַמְּלָכִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_3:23!6|MId=o120030230061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 מְּלָכִ֔ים מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ Gloss=kings|Ref=2KI_3:23!6|MId=o120030230062|Strong=4428 9-10 וַיַּכּ֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_3:23!7|MId=o120030230071|Strong=2050b 10 יַּכּ֖וּ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.have.struck.down|Ref=2KI_3:23!7|MId=o120030230072|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:120030230062;A0:120030230101;|Type=wayyiqtol 11 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=each|Ref=2KI_3:23!8|MId=o120030230081|Strong=0376 12 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_3:23!9|MId=o120030230091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 רֵעֵ֑הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 רֵע רֵעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=neighbor|Ref=2KI_3:23!10|MId=o120030230101|Strong=7453 14 ֵ֑הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2KI_3:23!10|MId=o120030230102|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 15-16 וְעַתָּ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_3:23!11|MId=o120030230111|Strong=2050b 16 עַתָּ֥ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=2KI_3:23!11|MId=o120030230112|Strong=6258 17-19 לַשָּׁלָ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_3:23!12|MId=o120030230121|Strong=3807a 18 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_3:23!12|MId=o120030230121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 שָּׁלָ֖ל שָׁלָל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=plunder|Ref=2KI_3:23!12|MId=o120030230122|Strong=7998 20 מוֹאָֽב מוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 19 parataxis _ Gloss=O.Moab|Ref=2KI_3:23!13|MId=o120030230131|Strong=4124|SpaceAfter=No 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=2KI_3:23!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּֽאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | נֶֽחֶרְבוּ *they have fought one another* | qatal · niphal | מְּלָכִים *kings* | | | | | יַּכּוּ *they have struck down* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | רֵע *neighbor* | | | מְּלָכִים *kings* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַרוּ דַם דֵין אִתְגְרָאָה אִתְגְרִיאוּ מַלְכַיָא וּקְטַלוּ גְבַר יַת חַבְרֵיהּ וּכְעַן פּוּקוּ לְבִּיזְתָא מוֹאֲבָאֵי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and they said: 'This is blood: the kings have surely fought together, and they have smitten each man his fellow; now therefore, Moab, to the spoil.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.71/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2KI:65`. - ← previous: [2 Kings 3:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.3.22/) - next →: [2 Kings 3:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.3.24/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/3/)