--- title: 2 Kings 4:31 — And Gehazi passed on before them, and laid the staff upon the face o… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Gehazi passed on before them, and laid the staff upon the face of the child; but there was neither voice, nor hearing. Wherefore he returned to meet him, and told him, saying: 'The child is not awaked.' Who acts: Gehazi, voice. 2 Kings 4:31 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JP --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.4.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/4/) / 4:31 # 2 Kings 4:31 מְלָכִים ב **Who acts:** Gehazi, voice · **What happens:** pass on, lay, be, return, meet, tell · **To what, where:** staff, face, Gehazi, child · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Kings 4:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Gehazi, voice — and what happens in the verse to staff, face, Gehazi, child, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְגֵחֲזִ֞י עָבַ֣ר לִפְנֵיהֶ֗ם וַיָּ֤שֶׂם אֶת־הַמִּשְׁעֶ֙נֶת֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַנַּ֔עַר וְאֵ֥ין ק֖וֹל וְאֵ֣ין קָ֑שֶׁב וַיָּ֤שָׁב לִקְרָאתוֹ֙ וַיַּגֶּד־ל֣וֹ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֥א הֵקִ֖יץ הַנָּֽעַר׃ [And Gehazi passed on before them, and laid the staff upon the face of the child; but there was neither voice, nor hearing.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.112/) [Wherefore he returned to meet him, and told him, saying: 'The child is not awaked.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.113/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2KI:100 # text = וְגֵחֲזִ֞י עָבַ֣ר לִפְנֵיהֶ֗ם וַיָּ֤שֶׂם אֶת־הַמִּשְׁעֶ֙נֶת֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַנַּ֔עַר וְאֵ֥ין ק֖וֹל וְאֵ֣ין קָ֑שֶׁב וַיָּ֤שָׁב לִקְרָאתוֹ֙ וַיַּגֶּד־ל֣וֹ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֥א הֵקִ֖יץ הַנָּֽעַר׃ # verse = 2KI.4.31 1-2 וְגֵחֲזִ֞י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_4:31!1|MId=o120040310011|Strong=2050b 2 גֵחֲזִ֞י גֵּיחֲזִי PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Gehazi|Ref=2KI_4:31!1|MId=o120040310012|Strong=1522 3 עָבַ֣ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.passed.on|Ref=2KI_4:31!2|MId=o120040310021|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:120040310012;|Type=qatal 4-6 לִפְנֵיהֶ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=2KI_4:31!3|MId=o120040310031|Strong=3807a 5 פְנֵי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 3 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=2KI_4:31!3|MId=o120040310032|Strong=6440 6 הֶ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=them|Ref=2KI_4:31!3|MId=o120040310033|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 7-8 וַיָּ֤שֶׂם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_4:31!4|MId=o120040310041|Strong=2050b 8 יָּ֤שֶׂם שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.put|Ref=2KI_4:31!4|MId=o120040310042|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:120040310012;A1:120040310062;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_4:31!5|MId=o120040310051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 הַמִּשְׁעֶ֙נֶת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_4:31!6|MId=o120040310061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 מִּשְׁעֶ֙נֶת֙ מִשְׁעֶנֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=staff|Ref=2KI_4:31!6|MId=o120040310062|Strong=4938a 12 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2KI_4:31!7|MId=o120040310071|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 13 פְּנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 8 obl _ Gloss=the.face|Ref=2KI_4:31!8|MId=o120040310081|Strong=6440 14-15 הַנַּ֔עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2KI_4:31!9|MId=o120040310091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 נַּ֔עַר נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.lad|Ref=2KI_4:31!9|MId=o120040310092|Strong=5288 16-17 וְאֵ֥ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_4:31!10|MId=o120040310101|Strong=2050b 17 אֵ֥ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 3 conj _ Gloss=there.[was].not|Ref=2KI_4:31!10|MId=o120040310102|Strong=0369|Type=negative 18 ק֖וֹל קוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=a.sound|Ref=2KI_4:31!11|MId=o120040310111|Strong=6963 19-20 וְאֵ֣ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_4:31!12|MId=o120040310121|Strong=2050b 20 אֵ֣ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 3 conj _ Gloss=there.[was].not|Ref=2KI_4:31!12|MId=o120040310122|Strong=0369|Type=negative 21 קָ֑שֶׁב קֶשֶׁב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=attentiveness|Ref=2KI_4:31!13|MId=o120040310131|Strong=7182 22-23 וַיָּ֤שָׁב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_4:31!14|MId=o120040310141|Strong=2050b 23 יָּ֤שָׁב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.went.back|Ref=2KI_4:31!14|MId=o120040310142|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:120040310012;|Type=wayyiqtol 24-26 לִקְרָאתוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_4:31!15|MId=o120040310151|Strong=3807a 25 קְרָאת קרא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 23 advcl _ Gloss=meet|Ref=2KI_4:31!15|MId=o120040310152|Strong=7122|Frame=A0:120040310012;A1:120040310153;|Type=infinitive_construct 26 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=2KI_4:31!15|MId=o120040310153|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 27-28 וַיַּגֶּד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_4:31!16|MId=o120040310161|Strong=2050b 28 יַּגֶּד־ נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.told|Ref=2KI_4:31!16|MId=o120040310162|Strong=5046|Frame=A0:120040310012;|Type=wayyiqtol 29-30 ל֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 ל לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_4:31!17|MId=o120040310171|Strong=3807a 30 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2KI_4:31!17|MId=o120040310172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 31-32 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 34 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=2KI_4:31!18|MId=o120040310181|Strong=3807a 32 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 31 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=2KI_4:31!18|MId=o120040310182|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:120040310012;|Type=infinitive_construct 33 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 34 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2KI_4:31!19|MId=o120040310191|Strong=3808|Type=negative 34 הֵקִ֖יץ קִיץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 28 advcl _ Gloss=he.has.awakened|Ref=2KI_4:31!20|MId=o120040310201|Strong=6974a|Frame=A0:120040310212;|Type=qatal 35-36 הַנָּֽעַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 36 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_4:31!21|MId=o120040310211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 36 נָּֽעַר נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ Gloss=lad|Ref=2KI_4:31!21|MId=o120040310212|Strong=5288 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=2KI_4:31!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · neg | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** עָבַר *he passed on* | qatal · qal | גֵחֲזִי *Gehazi* | | | | | יָּשֶׂם *he put* | wayyiqtol · qal | גֵחֲזִי *Gehazi* | מִּשְׁעֶנֶת *staff* | | | | יָּשָׁב *he went back* | wayyiqtol · qal | גֵחֲזִי *Gehazi* | | | | | קְרָאת *meet* | infinitive construct · qal | גֵחֲזִי *Gehazi* | וֹ *him* | | | | יַּגֶּד־ *he told* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | גֵחֲזִי *Gehazi* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | גֵחֲזִי *Gehazi* | | | | | **not** הֵקִיץ *he has awakened* | qatal · hiphil | נָּֽעַר *lad* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְגֵיחֲזִי עֲבַר קֳדָמֵיהוֹן וְשַׁוֵי יַת חוּטְרָא עַל אַפֵּי רַבְיָא וְלֵית קָל וְלֵית דְמָצִית וְתַב לָקֳדָמוּתֵיהּ וְחַוֵי לֵיהּ לְמֵימַר לָא אִתְעַר רַבְיָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Gehazi passed on before them, and laid the staff upon the face of the child; but there was neither voice, nor hearing.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.112/) 2. [Wherefore he returned to meet him, and told him, saying: 'The child is not awaked.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.113/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2KI:100`. - ← previous: [2 Kings 4:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.4.30/) - next →: [2 Kings 4:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.4.32/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/4/)