--- title: 2 Kings 7:12 — And the king arose in the night, and said unto his servants: 'I will… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the king arose in the night, and said unto his servants: 'I will now tell you what the Arameans have done to us. They know that we are hungry; therefore are they gone out of the camp to hide themselves in the field, saying: When they come out of the city, we shall take them alive, and get into t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.7.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/7/) / 7:12 # 2 Kings 7:12 מְלָכִים ב **Who acts:** king, I, Arameans, we · **What happens:** arise, say, tell, do, know, be · **To what, where:** you, us, camp, Arameans, field, city · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Kings 7:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, I, Arameans, we — and what happens in the verse to you, us, camp, Arameans, field, city, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּ֨קָם הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לַ֗יְלָה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־עֲבָדָ֔יו אַגִּֽידָה־נָּ֣א לָכֶ֔ם אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־עָ֥שׂוּ לָ֖נוּ אֲרָ֑ם יָדְע֞וּ כִּי־רְעֵבִ֣ים אֲנַ֗חְנוּ וַיֵּצְא֤וּ מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֙ לְהֵחָבֵ֤ה בַשָּׂדֶה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר כִּֽי־יֵצְא֤וּ מִן־הָעִיר֙ וְנִתְפְּשֵׂ֣ם חַיִּ֔ים וְאֶל־הָעִ֖יר נָבֹֽא׃ [And the king arose in the night, and said unto his servants: 'I will now tell you what the Arameans have done to us.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.210/) [They know that we are hungry; therefore are they gone out of the camp to hide themselves in the field, saying: When they come out of the city, we shall take them alive, and get into the city.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.211/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2KI:185 # text = וַיָּ֨קָם הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לַ֗יְלָה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־עֲבָדָ֔יו אַגִּֽידָה־נָּ֣א לָכֶ֔ם אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־עָ֥שׂוּ לָ֖נוּ אֲרָ֑ם יָדְע֞וּ כִּי־רְעֵבִ֣ים אֲנַ֗חְנוּ וַיֵּצְא֤וּ מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֙ לְהֵחָבֵ֤ה בַשָּׂדֶה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר כִּֽי־יֵצְא֤וּ מִן־הָעִיר֙ וְנִתְפְּשֵׂ֣ם חַיִּ֔ים וְאֶל־הָעִ֖יר נָבֹֽא׃ # verse = 2KI.7.12 1-2 וַיָּ֨קָם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_7:12!1|MId=o120070120011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּ֨קָם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.arose|Ref=2KI_7:12!1|MId=o120070120012|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:120070120022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_7:12!2|MId=o120070120021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מֶּ֜לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=2KI_7:12!2|MId=o120070120022|Strong=4428 5 לַ֗יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=night|Ref=2KI_7:12!3|MId=o120070120031|Strong=3915 6-7 וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_7:12!4|MId=o120070120041|Strong=2050b 7 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2KI_7:12!4|MId=o120070120042|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:120070120022;|Type=wayyiqtol 8 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_7:12!5|MId=o120070120051|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 9-10 עֲבָדָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 עֲבָדָ֔י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 obl _ Gloss=servants|Ref=2KI_7:12!6|MId=o120070120061|Strong=5650 10 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2KI_7:12!6|MId=o120070120062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11 אַגִּֽידָה־ נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 7 ccomp _ Gloss=let.me.tell|Ref=2KI_7:12!7|MId=o120070120071|Strong=5046|Frame=AA:120070120022;A0:120070120121;|Type=cohortative|SpaceAfter=No 12 נָּ֣א נָא INTJ _ _ 11 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=2KI_7:12!8|MId=o120070120081|Strong=4994|Type=interjection 13-14 לָכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 ל לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_7:12!9|MId=o120070120091|Strong=3807a 14 ָכֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=2KI_7:12!9|MId=o120070120092|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 15 אֵ֛ת אֵת ADP _ _ 11 obj _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_7:12!10|MId=o120070120101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 16 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=[that].which|Ref=2KI_7:12!11|MId=o120070120111|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 17 עָ֥שׂוּ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 15 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.have.done|Ref=2KI_7:12!12|MId=o120070120121|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:120070120141;|Type=qatal 18-19 לָ֖נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 ל לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_7:12!13|MId=o120070120131|Strong=3807a 19 ָ֖נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=2KI_7:12!13|MId=o120070120132|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 20 אֲרָ֑ם אֲרָם PROPN _ _ 17 nsubj _ Gloss=Aram|Ref=2KI_7:12!14|MId=o120070120141|Strong=0758 21 יָדְע֞וּ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 11 parataxis _ Gloss=they.know|Ref=2KI_7:12!15|MId=o120070120151|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:120070120141;A1:120070120171;|Type=qatal 22 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=2KI_7:12!16|MId=o120070120161|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 23 רְעֵבִ֣ים רָעֵב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 ccomp _ Gloss=[are].hungry|Ref=2KI_7:12!17|MId=o120070120171|Strong=7457|Type=adjective 24 אֲנַ֗חְנוּ אֲנַחְנוּ PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ Gloss=we|Ref=2KI_7:12!18|MId=o120070120181|Strong=0587|Type=personal 25-26 וַיֵּצְא֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_7:12!19|MId=o120070120191|Strong=2050b 26 יֵּצְא֤וּ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 21 conj _ Gloss=they.have.gone.out|Ref=2KI_7:12!19|MId=o120070120192|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:120070120141;|Type=wayyiqtol 27 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2KI_7:12!20|MId=o120070120201|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 28-29 הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_7:12!21|MId=o120070120211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 מַּחֲנֶה֙ מַחֲנֶה NOUN _ Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=camp|Ref=2KI_7:12!21|MId=o120070120212|Strong=4264 30-31 לְהֵחָבֵ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_7:12!22|MId=o120070120221|Strong=3807a 31 הֵחָבֵ֤ה חָבָה VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 26 advcl _ Gloss=hide.themselves|Ref=2KI_7:12!22|MId=o120070120222|Strong=2247|Frame=A0:120070120141;|Type=infinitive_construct 32-34 בַשָּׂדֶה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2KI_7:12!24|MId=o120070120241|Strong=0871a 33 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=the.open|Ref=2KI_7:12!24|MId=o120070120241ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 שָּׂדֶה֙ שָׂדֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=country|Ref=2KI_7:12!24|MId=o120070120242|Strong=7704 35-36 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 38 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=2KI_7:12!25|MId=o120070120251|Strong=3807a 36 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 35 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=2KI_7:12!25|MId=o120070120252|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:120070120141;A1:120070120271;120070120302;120070120341;|Type=infinitive_construct 37 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 38 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2KI_7:12!26|MId=o120070120261|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 38 יֵצְא֤וּ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 26 advcl _ Gloss=they.will.come.out|Ref=2KI_7:12!27|MId=o120070120271|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:120070120022;120070120061;120070130171;|Type=yiqtol 39 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2KI_7:12!28|MId=o120070120281|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 40-41 הָעִיר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 41 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_7:12!29|MId=o120070120291|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 41 עִיר֙ עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 38 obl _ Gloss=city|Ref=2KI_7:12!29|MId=o120070120292|Strong=5892 42-44 וְנִתְפְּשֵׂ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 43 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_7:12!30|MId=o120070120301|Strong=2050b 43 נִתְפְּשׂ תָּפַשׂ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 38 conj _ Gloss=we|Ref=2KI_7:12!30|MId=o120070120302|Strong=8610|Frame=A0:120070120141;A1:120070120303;|Type=yiqtol 44 ֵ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 obj _ Gloss=will.seize.them|Ref=2KI_7:12!30|MId=o120070120303|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 45 חַיִּ֔ים חַי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 43 xcomp _ Gloss=alive|Ref=2KI_7:12!31|MId=o120070120311|Strong=2416a|Type=adjective 46-47 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 50 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_7:12!32|MId=o120070120321|Strong=2050b 47 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 49 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=2KI_7:12!32|MId=o120070120322|Strong=0413 48-49 הָעִ֖יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 49 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_7:12!33|MId=o120070120331|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 49 עִ֖יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 50 obl _ Gloss=city|Ref=2KI_7:12!33|MId=o120070120332|Strong=5892 50 נָבֹֽא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 38 conj _ Gloss=we.will.go|Ref=2KI_7:12!34|MId=o120070120341|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:120070120141;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 51 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 50 punct _ Ref=2KI_7:12!34 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - hedged: yes (נָא) - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּקָם *he arose* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | אַגִּֽידָה־ *let me tell* | cohortative · hiphil | עָשׂוּ *they have done* | | | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | עָשׂוּ *they have done* | qatal · qal | אֲרָם *Aram* | | | | | יָדְעוּ *they know* | qatal · qal | אֲרָם *Aram* | רְעֵבִים *\[are\] hungry* | | | | יֵּצְאוּ *they have gone out* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲרָם *Aram* | | | | | הֵחָבֵה *hide themselves* | infinitive construct · niphal | אֲרָם *Aram* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | אֲרָם *Aram* | יֵצְאוּ *they will come out* + נִתְפְּשׂ *we* + נָבֹֽא *we will go* | | | | יֵצְאוּ *they will come out* | yiqtol · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* + עֲבָדָי *servants* | | | | | נִתְפְּשׂ *we* | yiqtol · qal | אֲרָם *Aram* | ֵם *will seize them* | | | | נָבֹֽא *we will go* | yiqtol · qal | אֲרָם *Aram* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְקָם מַלְכָּא בְּלֵילְיָא וַאֲמַר לְעַבְדוֹהִי אֲחַוֵי כְעַן לְכוֹן יַת דַעֲבָדוּ לָנָא אֱנַשׁ אֲרָם יָדְעִין אֲרֵי כְפָנִין אֲנַחְנָא וּנְפַקוּ מִן מַשְׁרִיתָא לְאִטַמָרָא בְחַקְלָא לְמֵימַר אִם יַפְקוּן מִן קַרְתָּא וְנִיחוּדוּנוּן כַּד חַיִין וּלְקַרְתָּא נֵיעוֹל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the king arose in the night, and said unto his servants: 'I will now tell you what the Arameans have done to us.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.210/) 2. [They know that we are hungry; therefore are they gone out of the camp to hide themselves in the field, saying: When they come out of the city, we shall take them alive, and get into the city.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.211/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2KI:185`. - ← previous: [2 Kings 7:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.7.11/) - next →: [2 Kings 7:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.7.13/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/7/)