--- title: 2 Kings 8:12 — And Hazael said: 'Why weepeth my lord?' And he answered: 'Because I… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Hazael said: 'Why weepeth my lord?' And he answered: 'Because I know the evil that thou wilt do unto the children of Israel: their strongholds wilt thou set on fire, and their young men wilt thou slay with the sword, and wilt dash in pieces their little ones, and rip up their women with child.' --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.8.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/8/) / 8:12 # 2 Kings 8:12 מְלָכִים ב **Who acts:** Hazael, I, thou · **What happens:** say, weep, answer, know, do, set · **To what, where:** lord, evil, strongholds, fire, young men, little ones · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Kings 8:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Hazael, I, thou — and what happens in the verse to lord, evil, strongholds, fire, young men, little ones, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חֲזָאֵ֔ל מַדּ֖וּעַ אֲדֹנִ֣י בֹכֶ֑ה וַיֹּ֡אמֶר כִּֽי־יָדַ֡עְתִּי אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־תַּעֲשֶׂה֩ לִבְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל רָעָ֗ה מִבְצְרֵיהֶ֞ם תְּשַׁלַּ֤ח בָּאֵשׁ֙ וּבַחֻֽרֵיהֶם֙ בַּחֶ֣רֶב תַּהֲרֹ֔ג וְעֹלְלֵיהֶ֣ם תְּרַטֵּ֔שׁ וְהָרֹתֵיהֶ֖ם תְּבַקֵּֽעַ׃ [And Hazael said: 'Why weepeth my lord?' And he answered: 'Because I know the evil that thou wilt do unto the children of Israel: their strongholds wilt thou set on fire, and their young men wilt thou slay with the sword, and wilt dash in pieces their little ones, and rip up their women with child.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.235/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2KI:205 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חֲזָאֵ֔ל מַדּ֖וּעַ אֲדֹנִ֣י בֹכֶ֑ה וַיֹּ֡אמֶר כִּֽי־יָדַ֡עְתִּי אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־תַּעֲשֶׂה֩ לִבְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל רָעָ֗ה מִבְצְרֵיהֶ֞ם תְּשַׁלַּ֤ח בָּאֵשׁ֙ וּבַחֻֽרֵיהֶם֙ בַּחֶ֣רֶב תַּהֲרֹ֔ג וְעֹלְלֵיהֶ֣ם תְּרַטֵּ֔שׁ וְהָרֹתֵיהֶ֖ם תְּבַקֵּֽעַ׃ # verse = 2KI.8.12 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_8:12!1|MId=o120080120011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2KI_8:12!1|MId=o120080120012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:120080120021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 חֲזָאֵ֔ל חֲזָאֵל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Hazael|Ref=2KI_8:12!2|MId=o120080120021|Strong=2371 4 מַדּ֖וּעַ מַדּוּעַ ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ Gloss=why?|Ref=2KI_8:12!3|MId=o120080120031|Strong=4069|Type=interrogative 5-6 אֲדֹנִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 אֲדֹנ אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ Gloss=lord|Ref=2KI_8:12!4|MId=o120080120041|Strong=0113 6 ִ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[is].my|Ref=2KI_8:12!4|MId=o120080120042|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 7 בֹכֶ֑ה בָּכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=weeping|Ref=2KI_8:12!5|MId=o120080120051|Strong=1058|Frame=A0:120080120041;|Type=participle_active 8-9 וַיֹּ֡אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_8:12!6|MId=o120080120061|Strong=2050b 9 יֹּ֡אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2KI_8:12!6|MId=o120080120062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:120080110081;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2KI_8:12!7|MId=o120080120071|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 11 יָדַ֡עְתִּי יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 advcl _ Gloss=I.know|Ref=2KI_8:12!8|MId=o120080120081|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:120080110081;A1:120080120111;|Type=qatal 12 אֵ֣ת אֵת ADP _ _ 11 obj _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2KI_8:12!9|MId=o120080120091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 13 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 14 mark _ Gloss=how|Ref=2KI_8:12!10|MId=o120080120101|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 14 תַּעֲשֶׂה֩ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 12 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.will.do|Ref=2KI_8:12!11|MId=o120080120111|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:120080120021;A1:120080120141;|Type=yiqtol 15-16 לִבְנֵ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_8:12!12|MId=o120080120121|Strong=3807a 16 בְנֵ֨י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 obl _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=2KI_8:12!12|MId=o120080120122|Strong=1121 17 יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=2KI_8:12!13|MId=o120080120131|Strong=3478 18 רָעָ֗ה רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=harm|Ref=2KI_8:12!14|MId=o120080120141|Strong=7451b 19-20 מִבְצְרֵיהֶ֞ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 מִבְצְרֵי מִבְצָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 obj _ Gloss=fortifications|Ref=2KI_8:12!15|MId=o120080120151|Strong=4013 20 הֶ֞ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=2KI_8:12!15|MId=o120080120152|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 21 תְּשַׁלַּ֤ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 parataxis _ Gloss=you.will.send|Ref=2KI_8:12!16|MId=o120080120161|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:120080120021;A1:120080120151;|Type=yiqtol 22-24 בָּאֵשׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2KI_8:12!17|MId=o120080120171|Strong=0871a 23 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2KI_8:12!17|MId=o120080120171ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 אֵשׁ֙ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=fire|Ref=2KI_8:12!17|MId=o120080120172|Strong=0784 25-27 וּבַחֻֽרֵיהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_8:12!18|MId=o120080120181|Strong=2050b 26 בַחֻֽרֵי בָּחוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 31 obj _ Gloss=their.young|Ref=2KI_8:12!18|MId=o120080120182|Strong=0970 27 הֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=men|Ref=2KI_8:12!18|MId=o120080120183|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 28-30 בַּחֶ֣רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2KI_8:12!19|MId=o120080120191|Strong=0871a 29 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_8:12!19|MId=o120080120191ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 חֶ֣רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=sword|Ref=2KI_8:12!19|MId=o120080120192|Strong=2719 31 תַּהֲרֹ֔ג הָרַג VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=you.will.kill|Ref=2KI_8:12!20|MId=o120080120201|Strong=2026|Frame=A0:120080120021;A1:120080120182;|Type=yiqtol 32-34 וְעֹלְלֵיהֶ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_8:12!21|MId=o120080120211|Strong=2050b 33 עֹלְלֵי עוֹלֵל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 35 obj _ Gloss=children|Ref=2KI_8:12!21|MId=o120080120212|Strong=5768 34 הֶ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=2KI_8:12!21|MId=o120080120213|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 35 תְּרַטֵּ֔שׁ רָטַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=you.will.dash.in.pieces|Ref=2KI_8:12!22|MId=o120080120221|Strong=7376|Frame=A0:120080120021;A1:120080120212;|Type=yiqtol 36-38 וְהָרֹתֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_8:12!23|MId=o120080120231|Strong=2050b 37 הָרֹתֵי הָרָה ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 39 obj _ Gloss=their.pregnant|Ref=2KI_8:12!23|MId=o120080120232|Strong=2030|Type=adjective 38 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[women]|Ref=2KI_8:12!23|MId=o120080120233|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 39 תְּבַקֵּֽעַ בָּקַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=you.will.rip.open|Ref=2KI_8:12!24|MId=o120080120241|Strong=1234|Frame=A0:120080120021;A1:120080120232;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=2KI_8:12!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | חֲזָאֵל *Hazael* | | | | | בֹכֶה *weeping* | participle active · qal | אֲדֹנ *lord* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יָדַעְתִּי *I know* | qatal · qal | | תַּעֲשֶׂה *you will do* | | | | תַּעֲשֶׂה *you will do* | yiqtol · qal | חֲזָאֵל *Hazael* | רָעָה *harm* | | | | תְּשַׁלַּח *you will send* | yiqtol · piel | חֲזָאֵל *Hazael* | מִבְצְרֵי *fortifications* | | | | תַּהֲרֹג *you will kill* | yiqtol · qal | חֲזָאֵל *Hazael* | בַחֻֽרֵי *their young* | | | | תְּרַטֵּשׁ *you will dash in pieces* | yiqtol · piel | חֲזָאֵל *Hazael* | עֹלְלֵי *children* | | | | תְּבַקֵּֽעַ *you will rip open* | yiqtol · piel | חֲזָאֵל *Hazael* | הָרֹתֵי *their pregnant* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר חֲזָאֵל מָא דֵין רִבּוֹנִי בְּכֵי וַאֲמַר אֲרֵי יָדַעְנָא יַת דְתַעְבֵּיד לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּישָׁא כְּרַכֵּיהוֹן תּוֹקִיד בְּנוּרָא וְעוּלֵימֵיהוֹן בְּחַרְבָּא תִקְטֵיל וְעוּלֵימֵיהוֹן תְּטַרַף וּמְעַדְיָתֵיהוֹן תְּבַזַע: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Hazael said: 'Why weepeth my lord?' And he answered: 'Because I know the evil that thou wilt do unto the children of Israel: their strongholds wilt thou set on fire, and their young men wilt thou slay with the sword, and wilt dash in pieces their little ones, and rip up their women with child.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.235/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2KI:205`. - ← previous: [2 Kings 8:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.8.11/) - next →: [2 Kings 8:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.8.13/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/8/)