--- title: 2 Kings 9:18 — So there went one on horseback to meet him, and said: 'Thus saith th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: So there went one on horseback to meet him, and said: 'Thus saith the king: Is it peace?' And Jehu said: 'What hast thou to do with peace? turn thee behind me.' And the watchman told, saying: 'The messenger came to them, but he cometh not back.' Who acts: one, king, horseback, Jehu. 2 Kings 9:18 in --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.9.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/9/) / 9:18 # 2 Kings 9:18 מְלָכִים ב **Who acts:** one, king, horseback, Jehu, thou, watchman · **What happens:** go, meet, say, be, have, do · **To what, where:** Joram, peace, thee, loins · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Kings 9:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — one, king, horseback, Jehu, thou, watchman — and what happens in the verse to Joram, peace, thee, loins, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֵּלֶךְ֩ רֹכֵ֨ב הַסּ֜וּס לִקְרָאת֗וֹ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הֲשָׁל֔וֹם וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יֵה֛וּא מַה־לְּךָ֥ וּלְשָׁל֖וֹם סֹ֣ב אֶֽל־אַחֲרָ֑י וַיַּגֵּ֤ד הַצֹּפֶה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בָּֽא־הַמַּלְאָ֥ךְ עַד־הֵ֖ם וְלֹֽא־שָֽׁב׃ [So there went one on horseback to meet him, and said: 'Thus saith the king: Is it peace?' And Jehu said: 'What hast thou to do with peace? turn thee behind me.' And the watchman told, saying: 'The messenger came to them, but he cometh not back.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.275/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2KI:240 # text = וַיֵּלֶךְ֩ רֹכֵ֨ב הַסּ֜וּס לִקְרָאת֗וֹ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הֲשָׁל֔וֹם וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יֵה֛וּא מַה־לְּךָ֥ וּלְשָׁל֖וֹם סֹ֣ב אֶֽל־אַחֲרָ֑י וַיַּגֵּ֤ד הַצֹּפֶה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בָּֽא־הַמַּלְאָ֥ךְ עַד־הֵ֖ם וְלֹֽא־שָֽׁב׃ # verse = 2KI.9.18 1-2 וַיֵּלֶךְ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_9:18!1|MId=o120090180011|Strong=2050b 2 יֵּלֶךְ֩ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.went|Ref=2KI_9:18!1|MId=o120090180012|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:120090180021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 רֹכֵ֨ב רָכַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.rider|Ref=2KI_9:18!2|MId=o120090180021|Strong=7392|Frame=A1:120090180032;|Type=participle_active 4-5 הַסּ֜וּס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2KI_9:18!3|MId=o120090180031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 סּ֜וּס סוּס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.horse|Ref=2KI_9:18!3|MId=o120090180032|Strong=5483 6-8 לִקְרָאת֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_9:18!4|MId=o120090180041|Strong=3807a 7 קְרָאת קרא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=meet|Ref=2KI_9:18!4|MId=o120090180042|Strong=7122|Frame=A0:120090180021;A1:120090180043;|Type=infinitive_construct 8 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=2KI_9:18!4|MId=o120090180043|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 9-10 וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_9:18!5|MId=o120090180051|Strong=2050b 10 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2KI_9:18!5|MId=o120090180052|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:120090180021;|Type=wayyiqtol 11 כֹּֽה־ כֹּה ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=2KI_9:18!6|MId=o120090180061|Strong=3541|SpaceAfter=No 12 אָמַ֤ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 10 ccomp _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=2KI_9:18!7|MId=o120090180071|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:120090180082;|Type=qatal 13-14 הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_9:18!8|MId=o120090180081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 מֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=2KI_9:18!8|MId=o120090180082|Strong=4428 15-16 הֲשָׁל֔וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=2KI_9:18!9|MId=o120090180091|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 16 שָׁל֔וֹם שָׁלוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 ccomp _ Gloss=peace|Ref=2KI_9:18!9|MId=o120090180092|Strong=7965 17-18 וַיֹּ֧אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_9:18!10|MId=o120090180101|Strong=2050b 18 יֹּ֧אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2KI_9:18!10|MId=o120090180102|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:120090180111;|Type=wayyiqtol 19 יֵה֛וּא יֵהוּא PROPN _ _ 18 nsubj _ Gloss=Jehu|Ref=2KI_9:18!11|MId=o120090180111|Strong=3058 20 מַה־ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 22 nsubj _ Gloss=what?|Ref=2KI_9:18!12|MId=o120090180121|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 לְּךָ֥ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=[is].to|Ref=2KI_9:18!13|MId=o120090180131|Strong=3807a 22 ְךָ֥ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 18 ccomp _ Gloss=you|Ref=2KI_9:18!13|MId=o120090180132|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 23-25 וּלְשָׁל֖וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_9:18!14|MId=o120090180141|Strong=2050b 24 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_9:18!14|MId=o120090180142|Strong=3807a 25 שָׁל֖וֹם שָׁלוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 conj _ Gloss=peace|Ref=2KI_9:18!14|MId=o120090180143|Strong=7965 26 סֹ֣ב סָבַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 22 parataxis _ Gloss=go.around|Ref=2KI_9:18!15|MId=o120090180151|Strong=5437|Frame=A0:120090180021;|Type=imperative 27 אֶֽל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_9:18!16|MId=o120090180161|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 28-29 אַחֲרָ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 אַחֲר אַחַר ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=2KI_9:18!17|MId=o120090180171|Strong=0310 29 ָ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 26 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=2KI_9:18!17|MId=o120090180172|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 30-31 וַיַּגֵּ֤ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_9:18!18|MId=o120090180181|Strong=2050b 31 יַּגֵּ֤ד נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.reported|Ref=2KI_9:18!18|MId=o120090180182|Strong=5046|Frame=A0:120090180192;|Type=wayyiqtol 32-33 הַצֹּפֶה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 33 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_9:18!19|MId=o120090180191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 33 צֹּפֶה֙ צָפָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ Gloss=watchman|Ref=2KI_9:18!19|MId=o120090180192|Strong=6822|Type=participle_active 34-35 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 36 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=2KI_9:18!20|MId=o120090180201|Strong=3807a 35 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 34 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=2KI_9:18!20|MId=o120090180202|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:120090180192;|Type=infinitive_construct 36 בָּֽא־ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 31 advcl _ Gloss=he.came|Ref=2KI_9:18!21|MId=o120090180211|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:120090180222;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 37-38 הַמַּלְאָ֥ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2KI_9:18!22|MId=o120090180221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 מַּלְאָ֥ךְ מַלְאָךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ Gloss=messenger|Ref=2KI_9:18!22|MId=o120090180222|Strong=4397 39 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2KI_9:18!23|MId=o120090180231|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 40 הֵ֖ם הֵם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 obl _ Gloss=they|Ref=2KI_9:18!24|MId=o120090180241|Strong=1992|Type=personal 41-42 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 43 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2KI_9:18!25|MId=o120090180251|Strong=2050b 42 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 43 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2KI_9:18!25|MId=o120090180252|Strong=3808|Type=negative 43 שָֽׁב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.has.turned.back|Ref=2KI_9:18!26|MId=o120090180261|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:120090180222;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 44 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 43 punct _ Ref=2KI_9:18!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֵּלֶךְ *he went* | wayyiqtol · qal | רֹכֵב *the rider* | | | | | רֹכֵב *the rider* | participle active · qal | | סּוּס *the horse* | | | | קְרָאת *meet* | infinitive construct · qal | רֹכֵב *the rider* | וֹ *him* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | רֹכֵב *the rider* | | | | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יֵהוּא *Jehu* | | | | | סֹב *go around* | imperative · qal | רֹכֵב *the rider* | | | | | יַּגֵּד *he reported* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | צֹּפֶה *watchman* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | צֹּפֶה *watchman* | | | | | בָּֽא־ *he came* | qatal · qal | מַּלְאָךְ *messenger* | | | | | **not** שָֽׁב *he has turned back* | qatal · qal | מַּלְאָךְ *messenger* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲזַל רָכִיב סוּסְיָא לָקֳדָמוּתֵיהּ וַאֲמַר כִּדְנַן אֲמַר מַלְכָּא הַשְׁלָם וַאֲמַר יֵהוּא מַה לָךְ וְלִשְׁלָם אִסְתְּחַר לַאֲחוֹרָי וְחַוֵי סַכְוָאָה לְמֵימַר אֲתָא אִזְגַדָא עַד לְוַתְהוֹן וְלָא תָב: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [So there went one on horseback to meet him, and said: 'Thus saith the king: Is it peace?' And Jehu said: 'What hast thou to do with peace? turn thee behind me.' And the watchman told, saying: 'The messenger came to them, but he cometh not back.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.275/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2KI:240`. - ← previous: [2 Kings 9:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.9.17/) - next →: [2 Kings 9:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.9.19/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/9/)