--- title: 2 Samuel 1:1 — AND IT came to pass after the death of Saul, when David was returned… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: AND IT came to pass after the death of Saul, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites, and David had abode two days in Ziklag; Who acts: IT, David, Saul. 2 Samuel 1:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/1/) / 1:1 # 2 Samuel 1:1 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** IT, David, Saul · **What happens:** come, pass, return, abide, die, slaughter · **To what, where:** David, slaughter, Ziklag, Amalekites This is 2 Samuel 1:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — IT, David, Saul — and what happens in the verse to David, slaughter, Ziklag, Amalekites, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֗י אַֽחֲרֵי֙ מ֣וֹת שָׁא֔וּל וְדָוִ֣ד שָׁ֔ב מֵהַכּ֖וֹת אֶת־הָעֲמָלֵ֑ק וַיֵּ֧שֶׁב דָּוִ֛ד בְּצִקְלָ֖ג יָמִ֥ים שְׁנָֽיִם׃ [AND IT came to pass after the death of Saul, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites, and David had abode two days in Ziklag;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.0/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:0 # text = וַיְהִ֗י אַֽחֲרֵי֙ מ֣וֹת שָׁא֔וּל וְדָוִ֣ד שָׁ֔ב מֵהַכּ֖וֹת אֶת־הָעֲמָלֵ֑ק וַיֵּ֧שֶׁב דָּוִ֛ד בְּצִקְלָ֖ג יָמִ֥ים שְׁנָֽיִם׃ # verse = 2SA.1.1 1-2 וַיְהִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_1:1!1|MId=o100010010011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֗י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=2SA_1:1!1|MId=o100010010012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אַֽחֲרֵי֙ אַחַר ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=2SA_1:1!2|MId=o100010010021|Strong=0310 4 מ֣וֹת מָוֶת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.death|Ref=2SA_1:1!3|MId=o100010010031|Strong=4194 5 שָׁא֔וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Saul|Ref=2SA_1:1!4|MId=o100010010041|Strong=7586 6-7 וְדָוִ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_1:1!5|MId=o100010010051|Strong=2050b 7 דָוִ֣ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 8 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_1:1!5|MId=o100010010052|Strong=1732 8 שָׁ֔ב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.returned|Ref=2SA_1:1!6|MId=o100010010061|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:100010010052;|Type=qatal 9-10 מֵהַכּ֖וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_1:1!7|MId=o100010010071|Strong=4480 10 הַכּ֖וֹת נָכָה VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 8 advcl _ Gloss=when.defeated|Ref=2SA_1:1!7|MId=o100010010072|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:100010010052;A0:100010010092;|Type=infinitive_construct 11 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_1:1!8|MId=o100010010081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 הָעֲמָלֵ֑ק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_1:1!9|MId=o100010010091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 עֲמָלֵ֑ק עֲמָלֵק PROPN _ _ 10 obj _ Gloss=Amalek|Ref=2SA_1:1!9|MId=o100010010092|Strong=6002 14-15 וַיֵּ֧שֶׁב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_1:1!10|MId=o100010010101|Strong=2050b 15 יֵּ֧שֶׁב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.remained|Ref=2SA_1:1!10|MId=o100010010102|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:100010010111;|Type=wayyiqtol 16 דָּוִ֛ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 15 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_1:1!11|MId=o100010010111|Strong=1732 17-18 בְּצִקְלָ֖ג _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_1:1!12|MId=o100010010121|Strong=0871a 18 צִקְלָ֖ג צִקְלַג PROPN _ _ 15 obl _ Gloss=Ziklag|Ref=2SA_1:1!12|MId=o100010010122|Strong=6860 19 יָמִ֥ים יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 obl _ Gloss=days|Ref=2SA_1:1!13|MId=o100010010131|Strong=3117 20 שְׁנָֽיִם שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 19 nummod _ Gloss=two|Ref=2SA_1:1!14|MId=o100010010141|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number|SpaceAfter=No 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=2SA_1:1!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׁב *he returned* | qatal · qal | דָוִד *David* | | | | | הַכּוֹת *when defeated* | infinitive construct · hiphil | עֲמָלֵק *Amalek* | | | דָוִד *David* | | יֵּשֶׁב *he remained* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה בָּתַר דָמִית שָׁאוּל וְדָוִד תַּב מִלְמִמְחֵי יַת דְבֵית עֲמָלֵק וִיתֵיב דָוִד בְּצִקְלָג יוֹמִין תְּרֵין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [AND IT came to pass after the death of Saul, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites, and David had abode two days in Ziklag;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.0/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:0`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 31:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.31.13/) - next →: [2 Samuel 1:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.2/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/1/)