--- title: 2 Samuel 1:6 — And the young man that told him said: 'As I happened by chance upon… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the young man that told him said: 'As I happened by chance upon mount Gilboa, behold, Saul leaned upon his spear; and, lo, the chariots and the horsemen pressed hard upon him. Who acts: young man, I, Saul, chariots. 2 Samuel 1:6 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/1/) / 1:6 # 2 Samuel 1:6 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** young man, I, Saul, chariots · **What happens:** tell, say, happen, lean, press · **To what, where:** man, spear · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 1:6 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — young man, I, Saul, chariots — and what happens in the verse to man, spear, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֜אמֶר הַנַּ֣עַר ׀ הַמַּגִּ֣יד ל֗וֹ נִקְרֹ֤א נִקְרֵ֙יתִי֙ בְּהַ֣ר הַגִּלְבֹּ֔עַ וְהִנֵּ֥ה שָׁא֖וּל נִשְׁעָ֣ן עַל־חֲנִית֑וֹ וְהִנֵּ֥ה הָרֶ֛כֶב וּבַעֲלֵ֥י הַפָּרָשִׁ֖ים הִדְבִּקֻֽהוּ׃ [And the young man that told him said: 'As I happened by chance upon mount Gilboa, behold, Saul leaned upon his spear; and, lo, the chariots and the horsemen pressed hard upon him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.6/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:5 # text = וַיֹּ֜אמֶר הַנַּ֣עַר ׀ הַמַּגִּ֣יד ל֗וֹ נִקְרֹ֤א נִקְרֵ֙יתִי֙ בְּהַ֣ר הַגִּלְבֹּ֔עַ וְהִנֵּ֥ה שָׁא֖וּל נִשְׁעָ֣ן עַל־חֲנִית֑וֹ וְהִנֵּ֥ה הָרֶ֛כֶב וּבַעֲלֵ֥י הַפָּרָשִׁ֖ים הִדְבִּקֻֽהוּ׃ # verse = 2SA.1.6 1-2 וַיֹּ֜אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_1:6!1|MId=o100010060011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֜אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_1:6!1|MId=o100010060012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100010060022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַנַּ֣עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the.young|Ref=2SA_1:6!2|MId=o100010060021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 נַּ֣עַר נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=man|Ref=2SA_1:6!2|MId=o100010060022|Strong=5288 5 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ Ref=2SA_1:6!2 6-7 הַמַּגִּ֣יד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=[who|Ref=2SA_1:6!3|MId=o100010060031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 מַּגִּ֣יד נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=had].told|Ref=2SA_1:6!3|MId=o100010060032|Strong=5046|Frame=A0:100010060022;|Type=participle_active 8-9 ל֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 ל לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_1:6!4|MId=o100010060041|Strong=3807a 9 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_1:6!4|MId=o100010060042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 10 נִקְרֹ֤א קָרָא VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 11 obl:npmod _ Gloss=by.chance.(happen.to.be)|Ref=2SA_1:6!5|MId=o100010060051|Strong=7122|Type=infinitive_absolute 11 נִקְרֵ֙יתִי֙ קָרָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 ccomp _ Gloss=I.found.myself|Ref=2SA_1:6!6|MId=o100010060061|Strong=7136|Frame=A0:100010060022;|Type=qatal 12-13 בְּהַ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_1:6!7|MId=o100010060071|Strong=0871a 13 הַ֣ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=the.mountain|Ref=2SA_1:6!7|MId=o100010060072|Strong=2022 14-15 הַגִּלְבֹּ֔עַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=2SA_1:6!8|MId=o100010060081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 גִּלְבֹּ֔עַ גִּלְבֹּעַ PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Gilboa|Ref=2SA_1:6!8|MId=o100010060082|Strong=1533 16-17 וְהִנֵּ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_1:6!9|MId=o100010060091|Strong=2050b 17 הִנֵּ֥ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 11 conj _ Gloss=there!|Ref=2SA_1:6!9|MId=o100010060092|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 18 שָׁא֖וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 19 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=2SA_1:6!10|MId=o100010060101|Strong=7586 19 נִשְׁעָ֣ן שָׁעַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 11 parataxis _ Gloss=[was].leaning|Ref=2SA_1:6!11|MId=o100010060111|Strong=8172|Frame=A0:100010060101;|Type=participle_active 20 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_1:6!12|MId=o100010060121|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 חֲנִית֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 חֲנִית חֲנִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=spear|Ref=2SA_1:6!13|MId=o100010060131|Strong=2595 22 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_1:6!13|MId=o100010060132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23-24 וְהִנֵּ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_1:6!14|MId=o100010060141|Strong=2050b 24 הִנֵּ֥ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 11 conj _ Gloss=there!|Ref=2SA_1:6!14|MId=o100010060142|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 25-26 הָרֶ֛כֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_1:6!15|MId=o100010060151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 רֶ֛כֶב רֶכֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ Gloss=chariotry|Ref=2SA_1:6!15|MId=o100010060152|Strong=7393 27-28 וּבַעֲלֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_1:6!16|MId=o100010060161|Strong=2050b 28 בַעֲלֵ֥י בַּעַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 conj _ Gloss=the.owners|Ref=2SA_1:6!16|MId=o100010060162|Strong=1167 29-30 הַפָּרָשִׁ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_1:6!17|MId=o100010060171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 פָּרָשִׁ֖ים פָּרָשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.horses|Ref=2SA_1:6!17|MId=o100010060172|Strong=6571 31-32 הִדְבִּקֻֽהוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הִדְבִּקֻֽ דָּבַק VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 11 parataxis _ Gloss=they|Ref=2SA_1:6!18|MId=o100010060181|Strong=1692|Frame=AA:100010060152;100010060162;A0:100010060182;|Type=qatal 32 הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ Gloss=overtook.him|Ref=2SA_1:6!18|MId=o100010060182|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=2SA_1:6!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | נַּעַר *man* | | | | | מַּגִּיד *had\] told* | participle active · hiphil | נַּעַר *man* | | | | | נִקְרֵיתִי *I found myself* | qatal · niphal | נַּעַר *man* | | | | | נִשְׁעָן *\[was\] leaning* | participle active · niphal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | הִדְבִּקֻֽ *they* | qatal · hiphil | הוּ *overtook him* | | | רֶכֶב *chariotry* + בַעֲלֵי *the owners* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר עוּלֵמָא דִמְחַוֵי לֵיהּ אִתְעֲרָעָא אִתְעַרְעִית בְּטוּרָא דְגִלְבּוֹעַ וְהָא שָׁאוּל סָמִיךְ עַל מוּרְנִיתֵיהּ וְהָא רְתִיכַיָא וּמַשִׁרְיַת פְּרָשַׁיָא אַדְבְּקוֹהִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the young man that told him said: 'As I happened by chance upon mount Gilboa, behold, Saul leaned upon his spear; and, lo, the chariots and the horsemen pressed hard upon him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.6/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:5`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 1:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.5/) - next →: [2 Samuel 1:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.7/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/1/)