--- title: 2 Samuel 10:18 — And the Arameans fled before Israel; and David slew of the Arameans… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the Arameans fled before Israel; and David slew of the Arameans seven hundred drivers of chariots, and forty thousand horsemen, and smote Shobach the captain of their host, so that he died there. Who acts: Arameans, David. 2 Samuel 10:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/10/) / 10:18 # 2 Samuel 10:18 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Arameans, David · **What happens:** flee, slay, smite, die · **To what, where:** hundred drivers, Shobach This is 2 Samuel 10:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Arameans, David — and what happens in the verse to hundred drivers, Shobach, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּ֣נָס אֲרָם֮ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיַּהֲרֹ֨ג דָּוִ֜ד מֵאֲרָ֗ם שְׁבַ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ רֶ֔כֶב וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף פָּרָשִׁ֑ים וְאֵ֨ת שׁוֹבַ֧ךְ שַׂר־צְבָא֛וֹ הִכָּ֖ה וַיָּ֥מָת שָֽׁם׃ [And the Arameans fled before Israel; and David slew of the Arameans seven hundred drivers of chariots, and forty thousand horsemen, and smote Shobach the captain of their host, so that he died there.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.265/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:235 # text = וַיָּ֣נָס אֲרָם֮ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיַּהֲרֹ֨ג דָּוִ֜ד מֵאֲרָ֗ם שְׁבַ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ רֶ֔כֶב וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף פָּרָשִׁ֑ים וְאֵ֨ת שׁוֹבַ֧ךְ שַׂר־צְבָא֛וֹ הִכָּ֖ה וַיָּ֥מָת שָֽׁם׃ # verse = 2SA.10.18 1-2 וַיָּ֣נָס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_10:18!1|MId=o100100180011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּ֣נָס נוּס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.fled|Ref=2SA_10:18!1|MId=o100100180012|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:100100180021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֲרָם֮ אֲרָם PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Aram|Ref=2SA_10:18!2|MId=o100100180021|Strong=0758 4-5 מִפְּנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_10:18!3|MId=o100100180031|Strong=4480 5 פְּנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=2SA_10:18!3|MId=o100100180032|Strong=6440 6 יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=2SA_10:18!4|MId=o100100180041|Strong=3478 7-8 וַיַּהֲרֹ֨ג _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_10:18!5|MId=o100100180051|Strong=2050b 8 יַּהֲרֹ֨ג הָרַג VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.killed|Ref=2SA_10:18!5|MId=o100100180052|Strong=2026|Frame=A0:100100180061;A1:100100180101;100100180131;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 דָּוִ֜ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 8 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_10:18!6|MId=o100100180061|Strong=1732 10-11 מֵאֲרָ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_10:18!7|MId=o100100180071|Strong=4480 11 אֲרָ֗ם אֲרָם PROPN _ _ 8 obl _ Gloss=Aram|Ref=2SA_10:18!7|MId=o100100180072|Strong=0758 12 שְׁבַ֤ע שֶׁבַע NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 nummod _ Gloss=seven|Ref=2SA_10:18!8|MId=o100100180081|Strong=7651|Type=cardinal_number 13 מֵאוֹת֙ מֵאָה NUM _ Number=Plur 12 flat _ Gloss=hundred(s)|Ref=2SA_10:18!9|MId=o100100180091|Strong=3967|Type=cardinal_number 14 רֶ֔כֶב רֶכֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=charioteer[s]|Ref=2SA_10:18!10|MId=o100100180101|Strong=7393 15-16 וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_10:18!11|MId=o100100180111|Strong=2050b 16 אַרְבָּעִ֥ים אַרְבַּע NUM _ Number=Plur 18 nummod _ Gloss=forty|Ref=2SA_10:18!11|MId=o100100180112|Strong=0705|Type=cardinal_number 17 אֶ֖לֶף אֶלֶף NUM _ Number=Sing 16 flat _ Gloss=thousand|Ref=2SA_10:18!12|MId=o100100180121|Strong=0505|Type=cardinal_number 18 פָּרָשִׁ֑ים פָּרָשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 conj _ Gloss=horsemen|Ref=2SA_10:18!13|MId=o100100180131|Strong=6571 19-20 וְאֵ֨ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_10:18!14|MId=o100100180141|Strong=2050b 20 אֵ֨ת אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_10:18!14|MId=o100100180142|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 21 שׁוֹבַ֧ךְ שׁוֹבַךְ PROPN _ _ 25 obj _ Gloss=Shobach|Ref=2SA_10:18!15|MId=o100100180151|Strong=7731 22 שַׂר־ שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 appos _ Gloss=the.commander|Ref=2SA_10:18!16|MId=o100100180161|Strong=8269|SpaceAfter=No 23-24 צְבָא֛וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 צְבָא צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=its.army|Ref=2SA_10:18!17|MId=o100100180171|Strong=6635 24 ֛וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_10:18!17|MId=o100100180172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 25 הִכָּ֖ה נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.struck.down|Ref=2SA_10:18!18|MId=o100100180181|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:100100180061;A0:100100180151;|Type=qatal 26-27 וַיָּ֥מָת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_10:18!19|MId=o100100180191|Strong=2050b 27 יָּ֥מָת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.died|Ref=2SA_10:18!19|MId=o100100180192|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:100100180151;|Type=wayyiqtol 28 שָֽׁם שָׁם ADV _ _ 27 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=2SA_10:18!20|MId=o100100180201|Strong=8033|SpaceAfter=No 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=2SA_10:18!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּנָס *it fled* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲרָם *Aram* | | | | | יַּהֲרֹג *he killed* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | רֶכֶב *charioteer\[s\]* + פָּרָשִׁים *horsemen* | | | | הִכָּה *he struck down* | qatal · hiphil | שׁוֹבַךְ *Shobach* | | | דָּוִד *David* | | יָּמָת *he died* | wayyiqtol · qal | שׁוֹבַךְ *Shobach* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאַפָּכוּ אֱנַשׁ אֲרָם מִן קֳדָם יִשְׂרָאֵל וּקְטַל דָוִד מֵאֲרָם שְׁבַע מְאָה רְתִיכִין וְאַרְבְּעִין אַלְפִין פָּרָשִׁין וְיַת שׁוֹבָךְ רַב חֵילֵיהּ מְחוֹ וּמִית תַּמָן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the Arameans fled before Israel; and David slew of the Arameans seven hundred drivers of chariots, and forty thousand horsemen, and smote Shobach the captain of their host, so that he died there.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.265/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:235`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 10:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.17/) - next →: [2 Samuel 10:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.19/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/10/)