--- title: 2 Samuel 10:2 — And David said: 'I will show kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And David said: 'I will show kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash, as his father showed kindness unto me.' So David sent by the hand of his servants to comfort him concerning his father. And David's servants came into the land of the children of Ammon. Who acts: David, I, father, servants. 2 Samuel --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/10/) / 10:2 # 2 Samuel 10:2 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** David, I, father, servants · **What happens:** say, show, send, comfort, come · **To what, where:** kindness, Hanun, land · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 10:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, I, father, servants — and what happens in the verse to kindness, Hanun, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶעֱשֶׂה־חֶ֣סֶד ׀ עִם־חָנ֣וּן בֶּן־נָחָ֗שׁ כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ עָשָׂ֨ה אָבִ֤יו עִמָּדִי֙ חֶ֔סֶד וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח דָּוִ֧ד לְנַחֲמ֛וֹ בְּיַד־עֲבָדָ֖יו אֶל־אָבִ֑יו וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ עַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד אֶ֖רֶץ בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ [And David said: 'I will show kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash, as his father showed kindness unto me.' So David sent by the hand of his servants to comfort him concerning his father.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.245/) [And David's servants came into the land of the children of Ammon.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.246/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:219 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶעֱשֶׂה־חֶ֣סֶד ׀ עִם־חָנ֣וּן בֶּן־נָחָ֗שׁ כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ עָשָׂ֨ה אָבִ֤יו עִמָּדִי֙ חֶ֔סֶד וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח דָּוִ֧ד לְנַחֲמ֛וֹ בְּיַד־עֲבָדָ֖יו אֶל־אָבִ֑יו וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ עַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד אֶ֖רֶץ בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ # verse = 2SA.10.2 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_10:2!1|MId=o100100020011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_10:2!1|MId=o100100020012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100100020021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִ֜ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_10:2!2|MId=o100100020021|Strong=1732 4 אֶעֱשֶׂה־ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 ccomp _ Gloss=I.will.do|Ref=2SA_10:2!3|MId=o100100020031|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:100100020021;A1:100100020041;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 5 חֶ֣סֶד חֶסֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=covenant.loyalty|Ref=2SA_10:2!4|MId=o100100020041|Strong=2617 6 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ Ref=2SA_10:2!4 7 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2SA_10:2!5|MId=o100100020051|Strong=5973|SpaceAfter=No 8 חָנ֣וּן חָנוּן PROPN _ _ 4 obl _ Gloss=Hanun|Ref=2SA_10:2!6|MId=o100100020061|Strong=2586 9 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=2SA_10:2!7|MId=o100100020071|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 10 נָחָ֗שׁ נָחָשׁ PROPN _ _ 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Nahash|Ref=2SA_10:2!8|MId=o100100020081|Strong=5176 11-12 כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 4 obl _ Gloss=just|Ref=2SA_10:2!9|MId=o100100020091|Strong=3509a 12 אֲשֶׁר֩ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=as|Ref=2SA_10:2!9|MId=o100100020092|Strong=0834|Type=relative 13 עָשָׂ֨ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.did|Ref=2SA_10:2!10|MId=o100100020101|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:100100020111;A1:100100020131;|Type=qatal 14-15 אָבִ֤יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 אָבִ֤י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ Gloss=father|Ref=2SA_10:2!11|MId=o100100020111|Strong=0001 15 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_10:2!11|MId=o100100020112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 16-17 עִמָּדִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 עִמָּד עִמָּד NOUN _ _ 13 obl _ Gloss=with|Ref=2SA_10:2!12|MId=o100100020121|Strong=5978 17 ִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=me|Ref=2SA_10:2!12|MId=o100100020122|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 18 חֶ֔סֶד חֶסֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obj _ Gloss=covenant.loyalty|Ref=2SA_10:2!13|MId=o100100020131|Strong=2617 19-20 וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_10:2!14|MId=o100100020141|Strong=2050b 20 יִּשְׁלַ֨ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.sent|Ref=2SA_10:2!14|MId=o100100020142|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:100100020151;|Type=wayyiqtol 21 דָּוִ֧ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 20 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_10:2!15|MId=o100100020151|Strong=1732 22-24 לְנַחֲמ֛וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_10:2!16|MId=o100100020161|Strong=3807a 23 נַחֲמ נָחַם VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 20 advcl _ Gloss=comfort|Ref=2SA_10:2!16|MId=o100100020162|Strong=5162|Frame=A0:100100020151;A1:100100020163;|Type=infinitive_construct 24 ֛וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_10:2!16|MId=o100100020163|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 25-26 בְּיַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=2SA_10:2!17|MId=o100100020171|Strong=0871a 26 יַד־ יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=2SA_10:2!17|MId=o100100020172|Strong=3027 27-28 עֲבָדָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 עֲבָדָ֖י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.servants|Ref=2SA_10:2!18|MId=o100100020181|Strong=5650 28 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_10:2!18|MId=o100100020182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 29 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=concerning|Ref=2SA_10:2!19|MId=o100100020191|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 30-31 אָבִ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 אָבִ֑י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=father|Ref=2SA_10:2!20|MId=o100100020201|Strong=0001 31 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_10:2!20|MId=o100100020202|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 32-33 וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_10:2!21|MId=o100100020211|Strong=2050b 33 יָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.came|Ref=2SA_10:2!21|MId=o100100020212|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:100100020221;|Type=wayyiqtol 34 עַבְדֵ֣י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 33 nsubj _ Gloss=the.servants|Ref=2SA_10:2!22|MId=o100100020221|Strong=5650 35 דָוִ֔ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.David|Ref=2SA_10:2!23|MId=o100100020231|Strong=1732 36 אֶ֖רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 33 obl _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=2SA_10:2!24|MId=o100100020241|Strong=0776 37 בְּנֵ֥י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.people|Ref=2SA_10:2!25|MId=o100100020251|Strong=1121 38 עַמּֽוֹן עַמּוֹן PROPN _ _ 37 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ammon|Ref=2SA_10:2!26|MId=o100100020261|Strong=5983|SpaceAfter=No 39 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 38 punct _ Ref=2SA_10:2!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | אֶעֱשֶׂה־ *I will do* | yiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | חֶסֶד *covenant loyalty* | | | | עָשָׂה *he did* | qatal · qal | אָבִי *father* | חֶסֶד *covenant loyalty* | | | | יִּשְׁלַח *he sent* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | נַחֲמ *comfort* | infinitive construct · piel | דָּוִד *David* | וֹ *him* | | | | יָּבֹאוּ *they came* | wayyiqtol · qal | עַבְדֵי *the servants* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר דָוִד אַעְבֵיד טֵיבוּ עִם חָנוּן בַּר נָחָשׁ כְּמָא דַעֲבֵד אֲבוּהִי עִמִי טִיבוּ וּשְׁלַח דָוִד לְנַחֲמוּתֵיהּ בִּידָא דְעַבְדוֹהִי לְוַת אֲבוּהִי וַאֲתוֹ עַבְדֵי דָוִד לְאַרְעָא בְּנֵי עַמוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And David said: 'I will show kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash, as his father showed kindness unto me.' So David sent by the hand of his servants to comfort him concerning his father.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.245/) 2. [And David's servants came into the land of the children of Ammon.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.246/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:219`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 10:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.1/) - next →: [2 Samuel 10:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.3/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/10/)