--- title: 2 Samuel 10:3 — But the princes of the children of Ammon said unto Hanun their lord:… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But the princes of the children of Ammon said unto Hanun their lord: 'Thinkest thou that David doth honour thy father, that he hath sent comforters unto thee? hath not David sent his servants unto thee to search the city, and to spy it out, and to overthrow it?' Who acts: princes, thou, David. 2 Sam --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/10/) / 10:3 # 2 Samuel 10:3 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** princes, thou, David · **What happens:** say, think, honour, send, not send, search · **To what, where:** father, comforters, servants, city · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 10:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — princes, thou, David — and what happens in the verse to father, comforters, servants, city, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩ שָׂרֵ֨י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֜וֹן אֶל־חָנ֣וּן אֲדֹֽנֵיהֶ֗ם הַֽמְכַבֵּ֨ד דָּוִ֤ד אֶת־אָבִ֙יךָ֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ כִּֽי־שָׁלַ֥ח לְךָ֖ מְנַֽחֲמִ֑ים הֲ֠לוֹא בַּעֲב֞וּר חֲק֤וֹר אֶת־הָעִיר֙ וּלְרַגְּלָ֣הּ וּלְהָפְכָ֔הּ שָׁלַ֥ח דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־עֲבָדָ֖יו אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ [But the princes of the children of Ammon said unto Hanun their lord: 'Thinkest thou that David doth honour thy father, that he hath sent comforters unto thee? hath not David sent his servants unto thee to search the city, and to spy it out, and to overthrow it?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.247/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:220 # text = וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩ שָׂרֵ֨י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֜וֹן אֶל־חָנ֣וּן אֲדֹֽנֵיהֶ֗ם הַֽמְכַבֵּ֨ד דָּוִ֤ד אֶת־אָבִ֙יךָ֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ כִּֽי־שָׁלַ֥ח לְךָ֖ מְנַֽחֲמִ֑ים הֲ֠לוֹא בַּעֲב֞וּר חֲק֤וֹר אֶת־הָעִיר֙ וּלְרַגְּלָ֣הּ וּלְהָפְכָ֔הּ שָׁלַ֥ח דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־עֲבָדָ֖יו אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ # verse = 2SA.10.3 1-2 וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_10:3!1|MId=o100100030011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּאמְרוּ֩ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=2SA_10:3!1|MId=o100100030012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100100030021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שָׂרֵ֨י שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.leaders|Ref=2SA_10:3!2|MId=o100100030021|Strong=8269 4 בְנֵֽי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.people|Ref=2SA_10:3!3|MId=o100100030031|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 5 עַמּ֜וֹן עַמּוֹן PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ammon|Ref=2SA_10:3!4|MId=o100100030041|Strong=5983 6 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_10:3!5|MId=o100100030051|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 7 חָנ֣וּן חָנוּן PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Hanun|Ref=2SA_10:3!6|MId=o100100030061|Strong=2586 8-9 אֲדֹֽנֵיהֶ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 אֲדֹֽנֵי אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 appos _ Gloss=lord(s)|Ref=2SA_10:3!7|MId=o100100030071|Strong=0113 9 הֶ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=2SA_10:3!7|MId=o100100030072|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 10-11 הַֽמְכַבֵּ֨ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַֽ הַ PART _ _ 11 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=2SA_10:3!8|MId=o100100030081|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 11 מְכַבֵּ֨ד כָּבֵד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=honoring|Ref=2SA_10:3!8|MId=o100100030082|Strong=3513|Frame=A0:100100030091;A1:100100030111;|Type=participle_active 12 דָּוִ֤ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 11 nsubj _ Gloss=[is].David|Ref=2SA_10:3!9|MId=o100100030091|Strong=1732 13 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_10:3!10|MId=o100100030101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 אָבִ֙יךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 אָבִ֙י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obj _ Gloss=father|Ref=2SA_10:3!11|MId=o100100030111|Strong=0001 15 ךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_10:3!11|MId=o100100030112|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 16-18 בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_10:3!12|MId=o100100030121|Strong=0871a 17 עֵינֶ֔י עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 11 obl _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=2SA_10:3!12|MId=o100100030122|Strong=5869 18 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_10:3!12|MId=o100100030123|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 19 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=2SA_10:3!13|MId=o100100030131|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 20 שָׁלַ֥ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 parataxis _ Gloss=he.has.sent|Ref=2SA_10:3!14|MId=o100100030141|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:100100030091;A1:100100030161;|Type=qatal 21-22 לְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 ל לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_10:3!15|MId=o100100030151|Strong=3807a 22 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=2SA_10:3!15|MId=o100100030152|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 23 מְנַֽחֲמִ֑ים נָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur 20 obj _ Gloss=comforters|Ref=2SA_10:3!16|MId=o100100030161|Strong=5162|Frame=A0:100100020221;|Type=participle_active 24-25 הֲ֠לוֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הֲ֠ הֲ PART _ _ 40 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=2SA_10:3!17|MId=o100100030171|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 25 לוֹא לֹא ADV _ _ 40 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_10:3!17|MId=o100100030172|Strong=3808|Type=negative 26-27 בַּעֲב֞וּר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_10:3!18|MId=o100100030181|Strong=0871a 27 עֲב֞וּר עָבוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 40 obl _ Gloss=order|Ref=2SA_10:3!18|MId=o100100030182|Strong=5668 28 חֲק֤וֹר חָקַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 27 acl _ Gloss=to.explore|Ref=2SA_10:3!19|MId=o100100030191|Strong=2713|Frame=A0:100100030271;A1:100100030212;|Type=infinitive_construct 29 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_10:3!20|MId=o100100030201|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 30-31 הָעִיר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_10:3!21|MId=o100100030211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 עִיר֙ עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 28 obj _ Gloss=city|Ref=2SA_10:3!21|MId=o100100030212|Strong=5892 32-35 וּלְרַגְּלָ֣הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_10:3!22|MId=o100100030221|Strong=2050b 33 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_10:3!22|MId=o100100030222|Strong=3807a 34 רַגְּל רָגַל VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 27 conj _ Gloss=spy|Ref=2SA_10:3!22|MId=o100100030223|Strong=7270|Frame=A0:100100030271;A1:100100030224;|Type=infinitive_construct 35 ָ֣הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obj _ Gloss=on.it|Ref=2SA_10:3!22|MId=o100100030224|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 36-39 וּלְהָפְכָ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_10:3!23|MId=o100100030231|Strong=2050b 37 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_10:3!23|MId=o100100030232|Strong=3807a 38 הָפְכ הָפַךְ VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 27 conj _ Gloss=overthrow|Ref=2SA_10:3!23|MId=o100100030233|Strong=2015|Frame=A0:100100030271;A1:100100030234;|Type=infinitive_construct 39 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 obj _ Gloss=it|Ref=2SA_10:3!23|MId=o100100030234|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 40 שָׁלַ֥ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 parataxis _ Gloss=has.he.sent|Ref=2SA_10:3!24|MId=o100100030241|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:100100030251;A1:100100030271;|Type=qatal 41 דָּוִ֛ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 40 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_10:3!25|MId=o100100030251|Strong=1732 42 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_10:3!26|MId=o100100030261|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 43-44 עֲבָדָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 עֲבָדָ֖י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 40 obj _ Gloss=servants|Ref=2SA_10:3!27|MId=o100100030271|Strong=5650 44 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_10:3!27|MId=o100100030272|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 45-46 אֵלֶֽיךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 אֵלֶֽי אֶל ADP _ _ 46 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_10:3!28|MId=o100100030281|Strong=0413 46 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 40 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=2SA_10:3!28|MId=o100100030282|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 47 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 46 punct _ Ref=2SA_10:3!28 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׂרֵי *the leaders* | | | | | מְכַבֵּד *honoring* | participle active · piel | דָּוִד *\[is\] David* | אָבִי *father* | | | | שָׁלַח *he has sent* | qatal · qal | דָּוִד *\[is\] David* | מְנַֽחֲמִים *comforters* | | | | מְנַֽחֲמִים *comforters* | participle active · piel | | | | | | חֲקוֹר *to explore* | infinitive construct · qal | עֲבָדָי *servants* | עִיר *city* | | | | רַגְּל *spy* | infinitive construct · piel | עֲבָדָי *servants* | ָהּ *on it* | | | | הָפְכ *overthrow* | infinitive construct · qal | עֲבָדָי *servants* | ָהּ *it* | | | | **not** שָׁלַח *has he sent* | qatal · qal | דָּוִד *David* | עֲבָדָי *servants* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַרוּ רַבְרְבֵי בְּנֵי עַמוֹן לְחָנוּן רִבּוֹנֵיהוֹן הַמְיַקֵר דָוִד יַת אֲבוּךְ בְּעֵינָךְ אֲרֵי שְׁלַח לָךְ מְנַחֲמִין הֲלָא בְּדִיל לְמֶחְקַר יַת קַרְתָּא וּלְאַלָלוּתָהּ וּלְבַדְקָהּ שְׁלַח דָוִד יַת עַבְדוֹהִי לְוָתָךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But the princes of the children of Ammon said unto Hanun their lord: 'Thinkest thou that David doth honour thy father, that he hath sent comforters unto thee? hath not David sent his servants unto thee to search the city, and to spy it out, and to overthrow it?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.247/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:220`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 10:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.2/) - next →: [2 Samuel 10:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.4/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/10/)