--- title: 2 Samuel 10:9 — Now when Joab saw that the battle was set against him before and beh… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now when Joab saw that the battle was set against him before and behind, he chose of all the choice men of Israel, and put them in array against the Arameans; Who acts: Joab. 2 Samuel 10:9 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/10/) / 10:9 # 2 Samuel 10:9 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Joab · **What happens:** see, set, choose, put · **To what, where:** battle, men, array · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 10:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joab — and what happens in the verse to battle, men, array, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּ֣רְא יוֹאָ֗ב כִּֽי־הָיְתָ֤ה אֵלָיו֙ פְּנֵ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה מִפָּנִ֖ים וּמֵֽאָח֑וֹר וַיִּבְחַ֗ר מִכֹּל֙ בְּחוּרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַֽיַּעֲרֹ֖ךְ לִקְרַ֥את אֲרָֽם׃ [Now when Joab saw that the battle was set against him before and behind, he chose of all the choice men of Israel, and put them in array against the Arameans;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.254/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:226 # text = וַיַּ֣רְא יוֹאָ֗ב כִּֽי־הָיְתָ֤ה אֵלָיו֙ פְּנֵ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה מִפָּנִ֖ים וּמֵֽאָח֑וֹר וַיִּבְחַ֗ר מִכֹּל֙ בְּחוּרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַֽיַּעֲרֹ֖ךְ לִקְרַ֥את אֲרָֽם׃ # verse = 2SA.10.9 1-2 וַיַּ֣רְא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_10:9!1|MId=o100100090011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּ֣רְא רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.saw|Ref=2SA_10:9!1|MId=o100100090012|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:100100090021;A1:100100090041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יוֹאָ֗ב יוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Joab|Ref=2SA_10:9!2|MId=o100100090021|Strong=3097 4 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=2SA_10:9!3|MId=o100100090031|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 5 הָיְתָ֤ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 cop _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=2SA_10:9!4|MId=o100100090041|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:100100090061;|Type=qatal 6-7 אֵלָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 אֵלָי אֶל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=2SA_10:9!5|MId=o100100090051|Strong=0413 7 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 ccomp _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_10:9!5|MId=o100100090052|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 8 פְּנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ Gloss=the.face|Ref=2SA_10:9!6|MId=o100100090061|Strong=6440 9-10 הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_10:9!7|MId=o100100090071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 מִּלְחָמָ֔ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.battle|Ref=2SA_10:9!7|MId=o100100090072|Strong=4421 11-12 מִפָּנִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_10:9!8|MId=o100100090081|Strong=4480 12 פָּנִ֖ים פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 7 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=2SA_10:9!8|MId=o100100090082|Strong=6440 13-15 וּמֵֽאָח֑וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_10:9!9|MId=o100100090091|Strong=2050b 14 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_10:9!9|MId=o100100090092|Strong=4480 15 אָח֑וֹר אָחוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 conj _ Gloss=behind|Ref=2SA_10:9!9|MId=o100100090093|Strong=0268 16-17 וַיִּבְחַ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_10:9!10|MId=o100100090101|Strong=2050b 17 יִּבְחַ֗ר בָּחַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.chose|Ref=2SA_10:9!10|MId=o100100090102|Strong=0977|Frame=A0:100100090021;|Type=wayyiqtol 18-19 מִכֹּל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_10:9!11|MId=o100100090111|Strong=4480 19 כֹּל֙ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=2SA_10:9!11|MId=o100100090112|Strong=3605 20 בְּחוּרֵ֣י בָּחַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.chosen.[men]|Ref=2SA_10:9!12|MId=o100100090121|Strong=0977|Type=participle_passive 21 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=2SA_10:9!14|MId=o100100090141|Strong=3478 22-23 וַֽיַּעֲרֹ֖ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_10:9!15|MId=o100100090151|Strong=2050b 23 יַּעֲרֹ֖ךְ עָרַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.deployed|Ref=2SA_10:9!15|MId=o100100090152|Strong=6186|Frame=A0:100100090021;A1:100100090121;|Type=wayyiqtol 24-25 לִקְרַ֥את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_10:9!16|MId=o100100090161|Strong=3807a 25 קְרַ֥את קרא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 23 advcl _ Gloss=meet|Ref=2SA_10:9!16|MId=o100100090162|Strong=7122|Frame=A0:100100090121;A1:100100090171;|Type=infinitive_construct 26 אֲרָֽם אֲרָם PROPN _ _ 25 obj _ Gloss=Aram|Ref=2SA_10:9!17|MId=o100100090171|Strong=0758|SpaceAfter=No 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=2SA_10:9!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּרְא *he saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹאָב *Joab* | הָיְתָה *it was* | | | | הָיְתָה *it was* | qatal · qal | פְּנֵי *the face* | | | | | יִּבְחַר *he chose* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹאָב *Joab* | | | | | יַּעֲרֹךְ *he deployed* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹאָב *Joab* | בְּחוּרֵי *the chosen \[men\]* | | | | קְרַאת *meet* | infinitive construct · qal | בְּחוּרֵי *the chosen \[men\]* | אֲרָֽם *Aram* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַחֲזָא יוֹאָב אֲרֵי תַקִיפוּ עֲלוֹהִי עַבְדֵי קְרָבָא מֵאֲפּוֹהִי וּמֵאֲחוֹרוֹהִי וּבְחַר מִכֹּל בְּחוּרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְסַדַר לָקֳדָמוּת אֱנַשׁ אֲרָם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now when Joab saw that the battle was set against him before and behind, he chose of all the choice men of Israel, and put them in array against the Arameans;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.254/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:226`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 10:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.8/) - next →: [2 Samuel 10:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.10/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/10/)