--- title: 2 Samuel 11:1 — And it came to pass, at the return of the year, at the time when kin… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, at the return of the year, at the time when kings go out to battle, that David sent Joab, and his servants with him, and all Israel; and they destroyed the children of Ammon, and besieged Rabbah. But David tarried at Jerusalem. Who acts: it, kings, David, year. 2 Samuel 11:1 in --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.11.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/11/) / 11:1 # 2 Samuel 11:1 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** it, kings, David, year · **What happens:** come, pass, go out, send, destroy, besiege · **To what, where:** return, Joab, children, Rabbah, Jerusalem This is 2 Samuel 11:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — it, kings, David, year — and what happens in the verse to return, Joab, children, Rabbah, Jerusalem, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִי֩ לִתְשׁוּבַ֨ת הַשָּׁנָ֜ה לְעֵ֣ת ׀ צֵ֣את הַמַּלְאֿכִ֗יםוַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח דָּוִ֡ד אֶת־יוֹאָב֩ וְאֶת־עֲבָדָ֨יו עִמּ֜וֹ וְאֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַיַּשְׁחִ֙תוּ֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וַיָּצֻ֖רוּ עַל־רַבָּ֑ה וְדָוִ֖ד יוֹשֵׁ֥ב בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ס [And it came to pass, at the return of the year, at the time when kings go out to battle, that David sent Joab, and his servants with him, and all Israel; and they destroyed the children of Ammon, and besieged Rabbah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.268/) [But David tarried at Jerusalem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.269/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:237 # text = וַיְהִי֩ לִתְשׁוּבַ֨ת הַשָּׁנָ֜ה לְעֵ֣ת ׀ צֵ֣את הַמַּלְאֿכִ֗יםוַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח דָּוִ֡ד אֶת־יוֹאָב֩ וְאֶת־עֲבָדָ֨יו עִמּ֜וֹ וְאֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַיַּשְׁחִ֙תוּ֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וַיָּצֻ֖רוּ עַל־רַבָּ֑ה וְדָוִ֖ד יוֹשֵׁ֥ב בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ס # verse = 2SA.11.1 1-2 וַיְהִי֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_11:1!1|MId=o100110010011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִי֩ הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=2SA_11:1!1|MId=o100110010012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לִתְשׁוּבַ֨ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_11:1!2|MId=o100110010021|Strong=3807a 4 תְשׁוּבַ֨ת תְּשׁוּבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.return|Ref=2SA_11:1!2|MId=o100110010022|Strong=8666 5-6 הַשָּׁנָ֜ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_11:1!3|MId=o100110010031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 שָּׁנָ֜ה שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.year|Ref=2SA_11:1!3|MId=o100110010032|Strong=8141 7-8 לְעֵ֣ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_11:1!4|MId=o100110010041|Strong=3807a 8 עֵ֣ת עֵת NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 nmod _ Gloss=the.time|Ref=2SA_11:1!4|MId=o100110010042|Strong=6256 9 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 8 punct _ Ref=2SA_11:1!4 10 צֵ֣את יָצָא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 8 acl _ Gloss=go.out|Ref=2SA_11:1!5|MId=o100110010051|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:100110010062;|Type=infinitive_construct 11-14 הַמַּלְאֿכִ֗יםוַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_11:1!6|MId=o100110010061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 מַּלְאֿכִ֗ים מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ Gloss=kings|Ref=2SA_11:1!6|MId=o100110010062|Strong=4428 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_11:1!7|MId=o100110010071|Strong=2050b 14 יִּשְׁלַ֣ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.sent|Ref=2SA_11:1!7|MId=o100110010072|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:100110010081;A1:100110010101;100110010121;100110010161;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 דָּוִ֡ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 14 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_11:1!8|MId=o100110010081|Strong=1732 16 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_11:1!9|MId=o100110010091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 17 יוֹאָב֩ יוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 14 obj _ Gloss=Joab|Ref=2SA_11:1!10|MId=o100110010101|Strong=3097 18-19 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_11:1!11|MId=o100110010111|Strong=2050b 19 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_11:1!11|MId=o100110010112|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 20-21 עֲבָדָ֨יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 עֲבָדָ֨י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 conj _ Gloss=servants|Ref=2SA_11:1!12|MId=o100110010121|Strong=5650 21 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_11:1!12|MId=o100110010122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 22-23 עִמּ֜וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2SA_11:1!13|MId=o100110010131|Strong=5973 23 ֜וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_11:1!13|MId=o100110010132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 24-25 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_11:1!14|MId=o100110010141|Strong=2050b 25 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_11:1!14|MId=o100110010142|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 26 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2SA_11:1!15|MId=o100110010151|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 27 יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=2SA_11:1!16|MId=o100110010161|Strong=3478 28-29 וַיַּשְׁחִ֙תוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_11:1!17|MId=o100110010171|Strong=2050b 29 יַּשְׁחִ֙תוּ֙ שָׁחַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.destroyed|Ref=2SA_11:1!17|MId=o100110010172|Strong=7843|Frame=AA:100110010101;100110010121;100110010161;A0:100110010191;|Type=wayyiqtol 30 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_11:1!18|MId=o100110010181|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 31 בְּנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 29 obj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=2SA_11:1!19|MId=o100110010191|Strong=1121 32 עַמּ֔וֹן עַמּוֹן PROPN _ _ 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ammon|Ref=2SA_11:1!20|MId=o100110010201|Strong=5983 33-34 וַיָּצֻ֖רוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_11:1!21|MId=o100110010211|Strong=2050b 34 יָּצֻ֖רוּ צוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.laid.siege|Ref=2SA_11:1!21|MId=o100110010212|Strong=6696|Frame=A0:100110010101;100110010121;100110010161;|Type=wayyiqtol 35 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_11:1!22|MId=o100110010221|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 36 רַבָּ֑ה רַבָּה PROPN _ _ 34 obl _ Gloss=Rabbah|Ref=2SA_11:1!23|MId=o100110010231|Strong=7237 37-38 וְדָוִ֖ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_11:1!24|MId=o100110010241|Strong=2050b 38 דָוִ֖ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 39 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_11:1!24|MId=o100110010242|Strong=1732 39 יוֹשֵׁ֥ב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=[was].remaining|Ref=2SA_11:1!25|MId=o100110010251|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:100110010242;|Type=participle_active 40-41 בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_11:1!26|MId=o100110010261|Strong=0871a 41 ירוּשָׁלִָֽם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 39 obl _ Gloss=Jerusalem|Ref=2SA_11:1!26|MId=o100110010262|Strong=3389 42 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=2SA_11:1!26|SpaceAfter=No 43 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=2SA_11:1!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | צֵאת *go out* | infinitive construct · qal | מַּלְאֿכִים *kings* | | | | | יִּשְׁלַח *he sent* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | יוֹאָב *Joab* + עֲבָדָי *servants* + יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | יַּשְׁחִתוּ *they destroyed* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | בְּנֵי *the people* | | | יוֹאָב *Joab* + עֲבָדָי *servants* + יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | יָּצֻרוּ *they laid siege* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹאָב *Joab* + עֲבָדָי *servants* + יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | | יוֹשֵׁב *\[was\] remaining* | participle active · qal | דָוִד *David* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה לִזְמַן סוֹפָא דְשַׁתָּא לְעִדַן מִפַּק מַלְכַיָא וּשְׁלַח דָוִד יַת יוֹאָב וְיַת עַבְדוֹהִי עִמֵיהּ וְיַת כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל וְחַבִּילוּ יַת בְּנֵי עַמוֹן וְצָרוּ עַל רַבָּה וְדָוִד יָתֵיב בִּירוּשְׁלֵם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass, at the return of the year, at the time when kings go out to battle, that David sent Joab, and his servants with him, and all Israel; and they destroyed the children of Ammon, and besieged Rabbah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.268/) 2. [But David tarried at Jerusalem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.269/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:237`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 10:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.19/) - next →: [2 Samuel 11:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.11.2/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/11/)