--- title: 2 Samuel 11:21 — who smote Abimelech the son of Jerubbesheth? did not a woman cast an… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: who smote Abimelech the son of Jerubbesheth? did not a woman cast an upper millstone upon him from the wall, that he died at Thebez? why went ye so nigh the wall? then shalt thou say: Thy servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also.' Who acts: woman, Abimelech, ye, thou. 2 Samuel 11:21 in Hebrew with its --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.11.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/11/) / 11:21 # 2 Samuel 11:21 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** woman, Abimelech, ye, thou, servant · **What happens:** smite, not cast, die, go, say, be · **To what, where:** Abimelech, upper millstone, wall, Thebez · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 11:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — woman, Abimelech, ye, thou, servant — and what happens in the verse to Abimelech, upper millstone, wall, Thebez, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מִֽי־הִכָּ֞ה אֶת־אֲבִימֶ֣לֶךְ בֶּן־יְרֻבֶּ֗שֶׁת הֲלֽוֹא־אִשָּׁ֡ה הִשְׁלִ֣יכָה עָלָיו֩ פֶּ֨לַח רֶ֜כֶב מֵעַ֤ל הַֽחוֹמָה֙ וַיָּ֣מָת בְּתֵבֵ֔ץ לָ֥מָּה נִגַּשְׁתֶּ֖ם אֶל־הַֽחוֹמָ֑ה וְאָ֣מַרְתָּ֔ גַּ֗ם עַבְדְּךָ֛ אוּרִיָּ֥ה הַחִתִּ֖י מֵֽת׃ [who smote Abimelech the son of Jerubbesheth? did not a woman cast an upper millstone upon him from the wall, that he died at Thebez? why went ye so nigh the wall? then shalt thou say: Thy servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.290/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:257 # text = מִֽי־הִכָּ֞ה אֶת־אֲבִימֶ֣לֶךְ בֶּן־יְרֻבֶּ֗שֶׁת הֲלֽוֹא־אִשָּׁ֡ה הִשְׁלִ֣יכָה עָלָיו֩ פֶּ֨לַח רֶ֜כֶב מֵעַ֤ל הַֽחוֹמָה֙ וַיָּ֣מָת בְּתֵבֵ֔ץ לָ֥מָּה נִגַּשְׁתֶּ֖ם אֶל־הַֽחוֹמָ֑ה וְאָ֣מַרְתָּ֔ גַּ֗ם עַבְדְּךָ֛ אוּרִיָּ֥ה הַחִתִּ֖י מֵֽת׃ # verse = 2SA.11.21 1 מִֽי־ מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 2 nsubj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=2SA_11:21!1|MId=o100110210011|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 2 הִכָּ֞ה נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=did.he.strike.down|Ref=2SA_11:21!2|MId=o100110210021|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:100110210011;A0:100110210041;|Type=qatal 3 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_11:21!3|MId=o100110210031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 4 אֲבִימֶ֣לֶךְ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ PROPN _ _ 2 obj _ Gloss=Abimelech|Ref=2SA_11:21!4|MId=o100110210041|Strong=0040 5 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=2SA_11:21!5|MId=o100110210051|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 6 יְרֻבֶּ֗שֶׁת יְרֻבֶּשֶׁת PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jerub-Besheth|Ref=2SA_11:21!6|MId=o100110210061|Strong=3380 7-8 הֲלֽוֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=2SA_11:21!7|MId=o100110210071|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 8 לֽוֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_11:21!7|MId=o100110210072|Strong=3808|Type=negative 9 אִשָּׁ֡ה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=a.woman|Ref=2SA_11:21!8|MId=o100110210081|Strong=0802 10 הִשְׁלִ֣יכָה שָׁלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=did.she.throw|Ref=2SA_11:21!9|MId=o100110210091|Strong=7993|Frame=AA:100110210081;A0:100110210111;|Type=qatal 11-12 עָלָיו֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 עָלָי עַל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_11:21!10|MId=o100110210101|Strong=5921 12 ו֩ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_11:21!10|MId=o100110210102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 13 פֶּ֨לַח פֶּלַח NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=a.mill-stone|Ref=2SA_11:21!11|MId=o100110210111|Strong=6400 14 רֶ֜כֶב רֶכֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.an.upper.mill-stone|Ref=2SA_11:21!12|MId=o100110210121|Strong=7393 15-16 מֵעַ֤ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_11:21!13|MId=o100110210131|Strong=4480 16 עַ֤ל עַל ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_11:21!13|MId=o100110210132|Strong=5921 17-18 הַֽחוֹמָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_11:21!14|MId=o100110210141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 חוֹמָה֙ חוֹמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=wall|Ref=2SA_11:21!14|MId=o100110210142|Strong=2346 19-20 וַיָּ֣מָת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_11:21!15|MId=o100110210151|Strong=2050b 20 יָּ֣מָת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 10 conj _ Gloss=he.died|Ref=2SA_11:21!15|MId=o100110210152|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:100110210041;|Type=wayyiqtol 21-22 בְּתֵבֵ֔ץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_11:21!16|MId=o100110210161|Strong=0871a 22 תֵבֵ֔ץ תֵּבֵץ PROPN _ _ 20 obl _ Gloss=Thebez|Ref=2SA_11:21!16|MId=o100110210162|Strong=8405 23-24 לָ֥מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לָ֥ לָמָה ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_11:21!17|MId=o100110210171|Strong=3807a 24 מָּה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 25 obl _ Gloss=why?|Ref=2SA_11:21!17|MId=o100110210172|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 25 נִגַּשְׁתֶּ֖ם נָגַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 parataxis _ Gloss=did.you.draw.near|Ref=2SA_11:21!18|MId=o100110210181|Strong=5066|Frame=A0:100110180021;100110190032;100110170102;|Type=qatal 26 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_11:21!19|MId=o100110210191|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 27-28 הַֽחוֹמָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_11:21!20|MId=o100110210201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 חוֹמָ֑ה חוֹמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=wall|Ref=2SA_11:21!20|MId=o100110210202|Strong=2346 29-30 וְאָ֣מַרְתָּ֔ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_11:21!21|MId=o100110210211|Strong=2050b 30 אָ֣מַרְתָּ֔ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=you.will.say|Ref=2SA_11:21!21|MId=o100110210212|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100110190032;|Type=weqatal 31 גַּ֗ם גַּם ADV _ _ 32 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=2SA_11:21!22|MId=o100110210221|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 32-33 עַבְדְּךָ֛ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 עַבְדּ עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ Gloss=servant|Ref=2SA_11:21!23|MId=o100110210231|Strong=5650 33 ְךָ֛ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_11:21!23|MId=o100110210232|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 34 אוּרִיָּ֥ה אוּרִיָּה PROPN _ _ 32 appos _ Gloss=Uriah|Ref=2SA_11:21!24|MId=o100110210241|Strong=0223 35-36 הַחִתִּ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 36 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_11:21!25|MId=o100110210251|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 36 חִתִּ֖י חִתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 appos _ Gloss=Hittite|Ref=2SA_11:21!25|MId=o100110210252|Strong=2850|Type=gentilic 37 מֵֽת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 30 ccomp _ Gloss=he.has.died|Ref=2SA_11:21!26|MId=o100110210261|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:100110210231;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=2SA_11:21!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הִכָּה *did he strike down* | qatal · hiphil | אֲבִימֶלֶךְ *Abimelech* | | | מִֽי־ *who?* | | **not** הִשְׁלִיכָה *did she throw* | qatal · hiphil | פֶּלַח *a mill-stone* | | | אִשָּׁה *a woman* | | יָּמָת *he died* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲבִימֶלֶךְ *Abimelech* | | | | | נִגַּשְׁתֶּם *did you draw near* | qatal · niphal | | | | | | אָמַרְתָּ *you will say* | weqatal · qal | | | | | | מֵֽת *he has died* | qatal · qal | עַבְדּ *servant* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} מַן קְטַל יַת אֲבִימֶלֶךְ בַּר יְרֻבֶּשֶׁת הֲלָא אִתְּתָא רְמָת עֲלוֹהִי פַלְגוּת רֶכֶב רֵחַיָא מִן שׁוּרָא וּמִית בְּתֵבֵץ לְמָא אִתְקָרִבְתּוּן לְשׁוּרָא וְתֵימַר אַף עַבְדָךְ אוּרִיָה חִתָּאָה מִית: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [who smote Abimelech the son of Jerubbesheth? did not a woman cast an upper millstone upon him from the wall, that he died at Thebez? why went ye so nigh the wall? then shalt thou say: Thy servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.290/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:257`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 11:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.11.20/) - next →: [2 Samuel 11:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.11.22/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/11/)