--- title: 2 Samuel 11:25 — Then David said unto the messenger: 'Thus shalt thou say unto Joab:… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then David said unto the messenger: 'Thus shalt thou say unto Joab: Let not this thing displease thee, for the sword devoureth in one manner or another; make thy battle more strong against the city, and overthrow it; and encourage thou him.' Who acts: David, thou, thing, sword. 2 Samuel 11:25 in Heb --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.11.25/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/11/) / 11:25 # 2 Samuel 11:25 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** David, thou, thing, sword, thy · **What happens:** say, not let, displease, devour, make, overthrow · **To what, where:** thing, thee, one manner, battle, David · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 11:25 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, thou, thing, sword, thy — and what happens in the verse to thing, thee, one manner, battle, David, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־הַמַּלְאָ֗ךְ כֹּֽה־תֹאמַ֤ר אֶל־יוֹאָב֙ אַל־יֵרַ֤ע בְּעֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה כִּֽי־כָזֹ֥ה וְכָזֶ֖ה תֹּאכַ֣ל הֶחָ֑רֶב הַחֲזֵ֨ק מִלְחַמְתְּךָ֧ אֶל־הָעִ֛יר וְהָרְסָ֖הּ וְחַזְּקֵֽהוּ׃ [Then David said unto the messenger: 'Thus shalt thou say unto Joab: Let not this thing displease thee, for the sword devoureth in one manner or another; make thy battle more strong against the city, and overthrow it; and encourage thou him.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.294/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:261 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־הַמַּלְאָ֗ךְ כֹּֽה־תֹאמַ֤ר אֶל־יוֹאָב֙ אַל־יֵרַ֤ע בְּעֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה כִּֽי־כָזֹ֥ה וְכָזֶ֖ה תֹּאכַ֣ל הֶחָ֑רֶב הַחֲזֵ֨ק מִלְחַמְתְּךָ֧ אֶל־הָעִ֛יר וְהָרְסָ֖הּ וְחַזְּקֵֽהוּ׃ # verse = 2SA.11.25 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_11:25!1|MId=o100110250011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_11:25!1|MId=o100110250012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100110250021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִ֜ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_11:25!2|MId=o100110250021|Strong=1732 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_11:25!3|MId=o100110250031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הַמַּלְאָ֗ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_11:25!4|MId=o100110250041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 מַּלְאָ֗ךְ מַלְאָךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=messenger|Ref=2SA_11:25!4|MId=o100110250042|Strong=4397 7 כֹּֽה־ כֹּה ADV _ _ 8 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=2SA_11:25!5|MId=o100110250051|Strong=3541|SpaceAfter=No 8 תֹאמַ֤ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=you.will.say|Ref=2SA_11:25!6|MId=o100110250061|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100110250042;|Type=yiqtol 9 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_11:25!7|MId=o100110250071|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 10 יוֹאָב֙ יוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 8 obl _ Gloss=Joab|Ref=2SA_11:25!8|MId=o100110250081|Strong=3097 11 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_11:25!9|MId=o100110250091|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 12 יֵרַ֤ע רָעַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 ccomp _ Gloss=let.it.be.displeasing|Ref=2SA_11:25!10|MId=o100110250101|Strong=7489|Frame=A0:100110250132;|Type=jussive 13-15 בְּעֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_11:25!11|MId=o100110250111|Strong=0871a 14 עֵינֶ֙י עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 12 obl _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=2SA_11:25!11|MId=o100110250112|Strong=5869 15 ךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_11:25!11|MId=o100110250113|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 16 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_11:25!12|MId=o100110250121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 הַדָּבָ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_11:25!13|MId=o100110250131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 דָּבָ֣ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=thing|Ref=2SA_11:25!13|MId=o100110250132|Strong=1697 19-20 הַזֶּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_11:25!14|MId=o100110250141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 זֶּ֔ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 18 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=2SA_11:25!14|MId=o100110250142|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 21 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 27 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2SA_11:25!15|MId=o100110250151|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 כָזֹ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 כָ כְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=2SA_11:25!16|MId=o100110250161|Strong=3509a 23 זֹ֥ה זֹה PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 27 obl _ Gloss=this|Ref=2SA_11:25!16|MId=o100110250162|Strong=2090|Type=demonstrative 24-26 וְכָזֶ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_11:25!17|MId=o100110250171|Strong=2050b 25 כָ כְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=2SA_11:25!17|MId=o100110250172|Strong=3509a 26 זֶ֖ה זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 23 conj _ Gloss=this|Ref=2SA_11:25!17|MId=o100110250173|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 27 תֹּאכַ֣ל אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 advcl _ Gloss=it.devours|Ref=2SA_11:25!18|MId=o100110250181|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:100110250192;|Type=yiqtol 28-29 הֶחָ֑רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הֶ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_11:25!19|MId=o100110250191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 חָ֑רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=sword|Ref=2SA_11:25!19|MId=o100110250192|Strong=2719 30 הַחֲזֵ֨ק חָזַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 12 parataxis _ Gloss=strengthen|Ref=2SA_11:25!20|MId=o100110250201|Strong=2388|Frame=AA:100110250081;A0:100110250211;|Type=imperative 31-32 מִלְחַמְתְּךָ֧ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 מִלְחַמְתּ מִלְחֶמֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 30 obj _ Gloss=battle|Ref=2SA_11:25!21|MId=o100110250211|Strong=4421 32 ְךָ֧ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_11:25!21|MId=o100110250212|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 33 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=2SA_11:25!22|MId=o100110250221|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 34-35 הָעִ֛יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_11:25!23|MId=o100110250231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 עִ֛יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=city|Ref=2SA_11:25!23|MId=o100110250232|Strong=5892 36-38 וְהָרְסָ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_11:25!24|MId=o100110250241|Strong=2050b 37 הָרְס הָרַס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 12 conj _ Gloss=tear|Ref=2SA_11:25!24|MId=o100110250242|Strong=2040|Frame=A0:100110250081;A1:100110250243;|Type=imperative 38 ָ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 obj _ Gloss=it.down|Ref=2SA_11:25!24|MId=o100110250243|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 39-41 וְחַזְּקֵֽהוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 40 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_11:25!25|MId=o100110250251|Strong=2050b 40 חַזְּק חָזַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 12 conj _ Gloss=encourage|Ref=2SA_11:25!25|MId=o100110250252|Strong=2388|Frame=A0:100110250042;A1:100110250253;|Type=imperative 41 ֵֽהוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_11:25!25|MId=o100110250253|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 42 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=2SA_11:25!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - indirect: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | תֹאמַר *you will say* | yiqtol · qal | מַּלְאָךְ *messenger* | | | | | **not** יֵרַע *let it be displeasing* | jussive · qal | דָּבָר *thing* | | | | | תֹּאכַל *it devours* | yiqtol · qal | חָרֶב *sword* | | | | | הַחֲזֵק *strengthen* | imperative · hiphil | מִלְחַמְתּ *battle* | | | יוֹאָב *Joab* | | הָרְס *tear* | imperative · qal | יוֹאָב *Joab* | ָהּ *it down* | | | | חַזְּק *encourage* | imperative · piel | מַּלְאָךְ *messenger* | ֵֽהוּ *him* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר דָוִד לְאִזְגַדָא כְּדֵין תֵּימַר לְיוֹאָב לָא יַבְאֵשׁ בְּעֵינָךְ יַת פִּתְגָמָא הָדֵין אֲרֵי כְדֵין וּכְדֵין תִּקְטוֹל חַרְבָּא אַתְקֵיף קְרָבָא עַל קַרְתָּא וּפַגְרָהּ וְתַקְפֵהוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then David said unto the messenger: 'Thus shalt thou say unto Joab: Let not this thing displease thee, for the sword devoureth in one manner or another; make thy battle more strong against the city, and overthrow it; and encourage thou him.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.294/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:261`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 11:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.11.24/) - next →: [2 Samuel 11:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.11.26/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/11/)