--- title: 2 Samuel 12:1 — And the LORD sent Nathan unto David. And he came unto him, and said… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the LORD sent Nathan unto David. And he came unto him, and said unto him: 'There were two men in one city: the one rich, and the other poor. Who acts: LORD, two men. 2 Samuel 12:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/12/) / 12:1 # 2 Samuel 12:1 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** LORD, two men · **What happens:** send, come, say, be · **To what, where:** Nathan · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 12:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, two men — and what happens in the verse to Nathan, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשְׁלַ֧ח יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־נָתָ֖ן אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וַיָּבֹ֣א אֵלָ֗יו וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ שְׁנֵ֣י אֲנָשִׁ֗ים הָיוּ֙ בְּעִ֣יר אֶחָ֔ת אֶחָ֥ד עָשִׁ֖יר וְאֶחָ֥ד רָֽאשׁ׃ [And the LORD sent Nathan unto David.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.298/) [And he came unto him, and said unto him: 'There were two men in one city: the one rich, and the other poor.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.299/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:264 # text = וַיִּשְׁלַ֧ח יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־נָתָ֖ן אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וַיָּבֹ֣א אֵלָ֗יו וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ שְׁנֵ֣י אֲנָשִׁ֗ים הָיוּ֙ בְּעִ֣יר אֶחָ֔ת אֶחָ֥ד עָשִׁ֖יר וְאֶחָ֥ד רָֽאשׁ׃ # verse = 2SA.12.1 1-2 וַיִּשְׁלַ֧ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:1!1|MId=o100120010011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁלַ֧ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.sent|Ref=2SA_12:1!1|MId=o100120010012|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:100120010021;A1:100120010041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוָ֛ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=2SA_12:1!2|MId=o100120010021|Strong=3068 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_12:1!3|MId=o100120010031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5 נָתָ֖ן נָתָן PROPN _ _ 2 obj _ Gloss=Nathan|Ref=2SA_12:1!4|MId=o100120010041|Strong=5416 6 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_12:1!5|MId=o100120010051|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 7 דָּוִ֑ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_12:1!6|MId=o100120010061|Strong=1732 8-9 וַיָּבֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:1!7|MId=o100120010071|Strong=2050b 9 יָּבֹ֣א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.came|Ref=2SA_12:1!7|MId=o100120010072|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:100120010041;|Type=wayyiqtol 10-11 אֵלָ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 אֵלָ֗י אֶל ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_12:1!8|MId=o100120010081|Strong=0413 11 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_12:1!8|MId=o100120010082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12-13 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:1!9|MId=o100120010091|Strong=2050b 13 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_12:1!9|MId=o100120010092|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100120010041;|Type=wayyiqtol 14-15 לוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 ל לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_12:1!10|MId=o100120010101|Strong=3807a 15 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_12:1!10|MId=o100120010102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 16 שְׁנֵ֣י שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 17 nummod _ Gloss=two|Ref=2SA_12:1!11|MId=o100120010111|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 17 אֲנָשִׁ֗ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ Gloss=men|Ref=2SA_12:1!12|MId=o100120010121|Strong=0376 18 הָיוּ֙ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 20 cop _ Gloss=they.were|Ref=2SA_12:1!13|MId=o100120010131|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:100120010121;|Type=qatal 19-20 בְּעִ֣יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_12:1!14|MId=o100120010141|Strong=0871a 20 עִ֣יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 ccomp _ Gloss=a.city|Ref=2SA_12:1!14|MId=o100120010142|Strong=5892 21 אֶחָ֔ת אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 nummod _ Gloss=one|Ref=2SA_12:1!15|MId=o100120010151|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 22 אֶחָ֥ד אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ Gloss=one|Ref=2SA_12:1!16|MId=o100120010161|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 23 עָשִׁ֖יר עָשִׁיר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 parataxis _ Gloss=[was].rich|Ref=2SA_12:1!17|MId=o100120010171|Strong=6223|Type=adjective 24-25 וְאֶחָ֥ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:1!18|MId=o100120010181|Strong=2050b 25 אֶחָ֥ד אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ Gloss=one|Ref=2SA_12:1!18|MId=o100120010182|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 26 רָֽאשׁ רוּשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 23 conj _ Gloss=[was].poor|Ref=2SA_12:1!19|MId=o100120010191|Strong=7326|Frame=A0:100120010182;|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=2SA_12:1!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁלַח *he sent* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | נָתָן *Nathan* | | | | יָּבֹא *he came* | wayyiqtol · qal | נָתָן *Nathan* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | נָתָן *Nathan* | | | | | הָיוּ *they were* | qatal · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | רָֽאשׁ *\[was\] poor* | participle active · qal | אֶחָד *one* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁלַח יְיָ יַת נָתָן לְוַת דָוִד וַאֲתָא לְוָתֵיהּ וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ תְּרֵין גַבְרִין הֲווֹ בְקַרְתָּא חָדָא חַד עֲתִּירָא וְחַד מִסְכֵּינָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the LORD sent Nathan unto David.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.298/) 2. [And he came unto him, and said unto him: 'There were two men in one city: the one rich, and the other poor.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.299/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:264`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 11:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.11.27/) - next →: [2 Samuel 12:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.2/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/12/)