--- title: 2 Samuel 12:18 — And it came to pass on the seventh day, that the child died. And the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass on the seventh day, that the child died. And the servants of David feared to tell him that the child was dead; for they said: 'Behold, while the child was yet alive, we spoke unto him, and he hearkened not unto our voice; how then shall we tell him that the child is dead, so that --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/12/) / 12:18 # 2 Samuel 12:18 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** bread, child, servants, children, we, David · **What happens:** come, pass, die, fear, tell, be · **To what, where:** David, harm · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 12:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — bread, child, servants, children, we, David — and what happens in the verse to David, harm, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֛י בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י וַיָּ֣מָת הַיָּ֑לֶד וַיִּֽרְאוּ֩ עַבְדֵ֨י דָוִ֜ד לְהַגִּ֥יד ל֣וֹ ׀ כִּי־מֵ֣ת הַיֶּ֗לֶד כִּ֤י אָֽמְרוּ֙ הִנֵּה֩ בִהְי֨וֹת הַיֶּ֜לֶד חַ֗י דִּבַּ֤רְנוּ אֵלָיו֙ וְלֹא־שָׁמַ֣ע בְּקוֹלֵ֔נוּ וְאֵ֨יךְ נֹאמַ֥ר אֵלָ֛יו מֵ֥ת הַיֶּ֖לֶד וְעָשָׂ֥ה רָעָֽה׃ [And it came to pass on the seventh day, that the child died.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.319/) [And the servants of David feared to tell him that the child was dead; for they said: 'Behold, while the child was yet alive, we spoke unto him, and he hearkened not unto our voice; how then shall we tell him that the child is dead, so that he do himself some harm?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.320/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:281 # text = וַיְהִ֛י בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י וַיָּ֣מָת הַיָּ֑לֶד וַיִּֽרְאוּ֩ עַבְדֵ֨י דָוִ֜ד לְהַגִּ֥יד ל֣וֹ ׀ כִּי־מֵ֣ת הַיֶּ֗לֶד כִּ֤י אָֽמְרוּ֙ הִנֵּה֩ בִהְי֨וֹת הַיֶּ֜לֶד חַ֗י דִּבַּ֤רְנוּ אֵלָיו֙ וְלֹא־שָׁמַ֣ע בְּקוֹלֵ֔נוּ וְאֵ֨יךְ נֹאמַ֥ר אֵלָ֛יו מֵ֥ת הַיֶּ֖לֶד וְעָשָׂ֥ה רָעָֽה׃ # verse = 2SA.12.18 1-2 וַיְהִ֛י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:18!1|MId=o100120180011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֛י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=2SA_12:18!1|MId=o100120180012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-5 בַּיּ֥וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_12:18!2|MId=o100120180021|Strong=0871a 4 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_12:18!2|MId=o100120180021ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 יּ֥וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=2SA_12:18!2|MId=o100120180022|Strong=3117 6-7 הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_12:18!3|MId=o100120180031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 שְּׁבִיעִ֖י שְׁבִיעִי NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nummod _ Gloss=seventh|Ref=2SA_12:18!3|MId=o100120180032|Strong=7637|Type=ordinal_number 8-9 וַיָּ֣מָת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:18!4|MId=o100120180041|Strong=2050b 9 יָּ֣מָת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.died|Ref=2SA_12:18!4|MId=o100120180042|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:100120180052;|Type=wayyiqtol 10-11 הַיָּ֑לֶד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_12:18!5|MId=o100120180051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 יָּ֑לֶד יֶלֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ Gloss=child|Ref=2SA_12:18!5|MId=o100120180052|Strong=3206 12-13 וַיִּֽרְאוּ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:18!6|MId=o100120180061|Strong=2050b 13 יִּֽרְאוּ֩ יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.were.afraid|Ref=2SA_12:18!6|MId=o100120180062|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:100120180071;|Type=wayyiqtol 14 עַבְדֵ֨י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ Gloss=the.servants|Ref=2SA_12:18!7|MId=o100120180071|Strong=5650 15 דָוִ֜ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.David|Ref=2SA_12:18!8|MId=o100120180081|Strong=1732 16-17 לְהַגִּ֥יד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_12:18!9|MId=o100120180091|Strong=3807a 17 הַגִּ֥יד נָגַד VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 13 advcl _ Gloss=tell|Ref=2SA_12:18!9|MId=o100120180092|Strong=5046|Frame=AA:100120180071;A0:100120180121;|Type=infinitive_construct 18-19 ל֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 ל לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_12:18!10|MId=o100120180101|Strong=3807a 19 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_12:18!10|MId=o100120180102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 19 punct _ Ref=2SA_12:18!10 21 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=2SA_12:18!11|MId=o100120180111|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 22 מֵ֣ת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 17 ccomp _ Gloss=he.had.died|Ref=2SA_12:18!12|MId=o100120180121|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:100120180132;|Type=qatal 23-24 הַיֶּ֗לֶד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_12:18!13|MId=o100120180131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 יֶּ֗לֶד יֶלֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ Gloss=child|Ref=2SA_12:18!13|MId=o100120180132|Strong=3206 25 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2SA_12:18!14|MId=o100120180141|Strong=3588 26 אָֽמְרוּ֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=2SA_12:18!15|MId=o100120180151|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100120180071;|Type=qatal 27 הִנֵּה֩ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 33 discourse _ Gloss=here!|Ref=2SA_12:18!16|MId=o100120180161|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 28-29 בִהְי֨וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בִ בְּ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=2SA_12:18!17|MId=o100120180171|Strong=0871a 29 הְי֨וֹת הָיָה AUX _ HebBinyan=QAL 32 cop _ Gloss=was|Ref=2SA_12:18!17|MId=o100120180172|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:100120180182;|Type=infinitive_construct 30-31 הַיֶּ֜לֶד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_12:18!18|MId=o100120180181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 יֶּ֜לֶד יֶלֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ Gloss=child|Ref=2SA_12:18!18|MId=o100120180182|Strong=3206 32 חַ֗י חַי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 obl _ Gloss=alive|Ref=2SA_12:18!19|MId=o100120180191|Strong=2416a|Type=adjective 33 דִּבַּ֤רְנוּ דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=1 26 ccomp _ Gloss=we.spoke|Ref=2SA_12:18!20|MId=o100120180201|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:100120180071;|Type=qatal 34-35 אֵלָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 אֵלָי אֶל ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_12:18!21|MId=o100120180211|Strong=0413 35 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_12:18!21|MId=o100120180212|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 36-37 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:18!22|MId=o100120180221|Strong=2050b 37 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 38 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_12:18!22|MId=o100120180222|Strong=3808|Type=negative 38 שָׁמַ֣ע שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 33 conj _ Gloss=he.listened|Ref=2SA_12:18!23|MId=o100120180231|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:100120180081;|Type=qatal 39-41 בְּקוֹלֵ֔נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_12:18!24|MId=o100120180241|Strong=0871a 40 קוֹל קוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 obl _ Gloss=voice|Ref=2SA_12:18!24|MId=o100120180242|Strong=6963 41 ֵ֔נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=2SA_12:18!24|MId=o100120180243|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 42-43 וְאֵ֨יךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 44 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:18!25|MId=o100120180251|Strong=2050b 43 אֵ֨יךְ אֵיךְ INTJ _ _ 44 discourse _ Gloss=how?|Ref=2SA_12:18!25|MId=o100120180252|Strong=0349|Type=interrogative 44 נֹאמַ֥ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 33 conj _ Gloss=will.we.say|Ref=2SA_12:18!26|MId=o100120180261|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100120180071;A1:100120180281;|Type=yiqtol 45-46 אֵלָ֛יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 אֵלָ֛י אֶל ADP _ _ 46 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_12:18!27|MId=o100120180271|Strong=0413 46 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_12:18!27|MId=o100120180272|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 47 מֵ֥ת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 44 ccomp _ Gloss=he.has.died|Ref=2SA_12:18!28|MId=o100120180281|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:100120180292;|Type=qatal 48-49 הַיֶּ֖לֶד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 49 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_12:18!29|MId=o100120180291|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 49 יֶּ֖לֶד יֶלֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 47 nsubj _ Gloss=child|Ref=2SA_12:18!29|MId=o100120180292|Strong=3206 50-51 וְעָשָׂ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 51 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:18!30|MId=o100120180301|Strong=2050b 51 עָשָׂ֥ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 33 conj _ Gloss=he.will.do|Ref=2SA_12:18!30|MId=o100120180302|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:100120180081;A1:100120180311;|Type=weqatal 52 רָעָֽה רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 51 obj _ Gloss=harm|Ref=2SA_12:18!31|MId=o100120180311|Strong=7451b|SpaceAfter=No 53 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 52 punct _ Ref=2SA_12:18!31 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּמָת *he died* | wayyiqtol · qal | יָּלֶד *child* | | | | | יִּֽרְאוּ *they were afraid* | wayyiqtol · qal | עַבְדֵי *the servants* | | | | | הַגִּיד *tell* | infinitive construct · hiphil | מֵת *he had died* | | | עַבְדֵי *the servants* | | מֵת *he had died* | qatal · qal | יֶּלֶד *child* | | | | | אָֽמְרוּ *they said* | qatal · qal | עַבְדֵי *the servants* | | | | | הְיוֹת *was* | infinitive construct · qal | יֶּלֶד *child* | | | | | דִּבַּרְנוּ *we spoke* | qatal · piel | עַבְדֵי *the servants* | | | | | **not** שָׁמַע *he listened* | qatal · qal | דָוִד *of David* | | | | | נֹאמַר *will we say* | yiqtol · qal | עַבְדֵי *the servants* | מֵת *he has died* | | | | מֵת *he has died* | qatal · qal | יֶּלֶד *child* | | | | | עָשָׂה *he will do* | weqatal · qal | דָוִד *of David* | רָעָֽה *harm* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה בְּיוֹמָא שְׁבִיעָאָה וּמִית רַבְיָא וּדְחִילוּ עַבְדֵי דָוִד לְחַוָאָה לֵיהּ אֲרֵי מִית רַבְיָא אֲרֵי אֲמַרוּ כַּד הֲוָה רַבְיָא קַיָם מַלֵילְנָא עִמֵיהּ וְלָא קַבֵּיל מִנָנָא וְאֵיכְדֵין נֵימַר לֵיהּ מִית רַבְיָא וְיַעְבֵּד בִּישָׁא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass on the seventh day, that the child died.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.319/) 2. [And the servants of David feared to tell him that the child was dead; for they said: 'Behold, while the child was yet alive, we spoke unto him, and he hearkened not unto our voice; how then shall we tell him that the child is dead, so that he do himself some harm?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.320/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:281`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 12:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.17/) - next →: [2 Samuel 12:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.19/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/12/)